Net CO2 imports through trade by country
In 2023, what 94 countries consumed caused more CO2 than they emitted at home, because their imports carried more emissions than their exports; in 26 countries it was the other way round.
Source: Global Carbon Budget2023Updated 24 Oct 2026
Map. Arrow keys move the map, plus and minus zoom, N and P step through the countries with data, Enter opens the one shown, Escape clears the selection.
Loading the map…
The map could not load.
Borders show who controls an area in practice, as drawn by Natural Earth. Disputed borders are dashed. Borders shown do not imply endorsement. How we treat borders
Summary
The largest differences: Malta +709%, Hong Kong +337%, Bahrain −43% and Laos −39%.
120 countries and territories have a figure for 2023. Consumption-based figures end earlier than the others and cover fewer countries.
Source: Global Carbon Budget2023Updated 24 Oct 2026
Countries and territories with data
| Malta | +709% | +809% |
|---|---|---|
| Hong Kong | +337% | +372% |
| Switzerland | +270% | +281% |
| Singapore | +266% | +300% |
| Togo | +224% | +224% |
| Namibia | +180% | +186% |
| Nepal | +158% | +162% |
| Sri Lanka | +142% | +150% |
| Belgium | +132% | +133% |
| Latvia | +103% | +116% |
| Botswana | +100% | +90% |
| Cambodia | +82% | +82% |
| Malawi | +74% | +78% |
| Rwanda | +74% | +74% |
| Costa Rica | +73% | +83% |
| Mauritius | +72% | +79% |
| Kyrgyzstan | +72% | +81% |
| Paraguay | +72% | +82% |
| Denmark | +72% | +81% |
| Sweden | +68% | +83% |
| Guinea | +65% | +58% |
| Kenya | +65% | +68% |
| Slovenia | +64% | +62% |
| Lithuania | +64% | +71% |
| Bangladesh | +61% | +63% |
| Israel | +59% | +52% |
| Mozambique | +59% | +59% |
| United Kingdom | +58% | +62% |
| France | +51% | +48% |
| Panama | +50% | +67% |
| Finland | +49% | +45% |
| Madagascar | +44% | +47% |
| Estonia | +44% | +22% |
| Benin | +42% | +41% |
| Uruguay | +41% | +42% |
| Uganda | +41% | +47% |
| Hungary | +41% | +38% |
| Jordan | +38% | +42% |
| Italy | +37% | +36% |
| Senegal | +35% | +35% |
| Austria | +34% | +35% |
| Ethiopia | +32% | +32% |
| Nicaragua | +32% | +36% |
| Philippines | +31% | +36% |
| New Zealand | +31% | +33% |
| Ghana | +31% | +30% |
| El Salvador | +30% | +39% |
| Germany | +29% | +26% |
| Greece | +29% | +24% |
| Guatemala | +29% | +31% |
| Georgia | +29% | +33% |
| Croatia | +28% | +36% |
| Netherlands | +28% | +23% |
| Côte d'Ivoire | +27% | +26% |
| Dominican Republic | +27% | +31% |
| Tanzania | +27% | +31% |
| Tajikistan | +27% | +31% |
| Portugal | +26% | +25% |
| Mexico | +23% | +23% |
| Albania | +22% | +26% |
| Ireland | +22% | +17% |
| Spain | +21% | +19% |
| South Korea | +20% | +19% |
| Czechia | +20% | +17% |
| Cyprus | +20% | +26% |
| Peru | +19% | +22% |
| Ukraine | +19% | +18% |
| United Arab Emirates | +18% | +22% |
| Pakistan | +18% | +16% |
| Colombia | +16% | +16% |
| Japan | +16% | +17% |
| Thailand | +15% | +17% |
| Romania | +15% | +14% |
| Zimbabwe | +14% | +11% |
| Slovakia | +14% | +19% |
| Chile | +14% | +7.7% |
| Belarus | +12% | +20% |
| United States | +10% | +10% |
| Taiwan | +10% | +8% |
| Ecuador | +9.6% | +12% |
| Zambia | +7.4% | +7.2% |
| Luxembourg | +7.2% | +9.9% |
| Cameroon | +7.1% | +2.2% |
| Oman | +4.4% | +4.1% |
| Bolivia | +4.1% | +2.5% |
| Argentina | +4.1% | +<0.1% |
| Malaysia | +3.7% | +0.7% |
| Jamaica | +3.3% | +6.7% |
| Armenia | +3.3% | +13% |
| Nigeria | +3% | +6.2% |
| Bulgaria | +2.3% | −10% |
| Morocco | +1.4% | +2.3% |
| Egypt | +1.3% | +7.1% |
| Norway | +0.3% | −15% |
| Kuwait | −0.7% | <0.1% |
| Türkiye | −0.8% | −0.3% |
| Brazil | −2.9% | −3.1% |
| Australia | −3.2% | −4.9% |
| Poland | −3.3% | −4.9% |
| Saudi Arabia | −3.4% | −5.9% |
| Azerbaijan | −4.5% | −8.3% |
| Indonesia | −4.5% | −6.4% |
| Canada | −4.7% | −3.2% |
| Tunisia | −4.9% | −2.4% |
| Burkina Faso | −8% | −12% |
| China | −11% | −11% |
| Iran | −15% | −18% |
| Honduras | −16% | −17% |
| Venezuela | −16% | −17% |
| India | −17% | −17% |
| Mongolia | −17% | −9.8% |
| Russia | −19% | −24% |
| South Africa | −25% | −26% |
| Kazakhstan | −26% | −32% |
| Vietnam | −29% | −29% |
| Brunei | −29% | −36% |
| Qatar | −31% | −36% |
| Trinidad and Tobago | −37% | −55% |
| Laos | −39% | −63% |
| Bahrain | −43% | −50% |
Source: Global Carbon Budget2022 and 2023Updated 24 Oct 2026