1 Dependencies at a glance Mongolia imports all of its potash supply and 70% of the oil it uses.
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons). Resource Dependence Position Main partners Oil Imports 70% of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 No partner data from the source Natural gas – Uses no gas, by this source EIA, 2024 No partner data from the source Wheat Imports 29% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2021 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 Russia Maize – Not reported by this source – Rice – Not reported by this source – Soybeans – Not reported by this source – Potash Imports all of its potash supply FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 No partner data from the source Phosphate Imports all of its phosphate supply FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 No partner data from the source Arms – Supplier concentration only Main supplier: Russia, 89% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 Russia , Australia Chips – Supplier concentration only Not reported by this sourceUN Comtrade, 2025 –
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
Oil Imports 70% of the oil it uses
Main partners: No partner data from the source
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
Natural gas Uses no gas, by this source
Main partners: No partner data from the source
EIA, 2024
Wheat Imports 29% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: Russia
FAOSTAT, use 2021 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
Maize Not reported by this source
Rice Not reported by this source
Soybeans Not reported by this source
Potash Imports all of its potash supply
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
Phosphate Imports all of its phosphate supply
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
ArmsSupplier concentration only Main supplier: Russia, 89% of imports
Main partners: Russia, Australia
SIPRI, 2021–2025
ChipsSupplier concentration only Not reported by this source
UN Comtrade, 2025
Mongolia’s economy produced $25 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025 $0 $10 bn $20 bn $30 bn 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Source: World Bank Indicators · 2000–2025 · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth 6.8% 2025 · 19th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation 8.6% 2025 · 22nd of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment 5.2% 2025 · 87th of 181 · World Bank
Reserves US$5.51billion 2024 · 92nd of 164 · World Bank
Trade 138% of GDP 2024 · 26th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment in US$2.75billion 2025 · 62nd of 200 · World Bank
Mongolia had 3.6 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100 0 2.0 m 4.0 m 6.0 m 8.0 m 1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2030 2050 2070 2100 Projection Source: UN World Population Prospects · Updated 13 Nov 2026 ·
Mongolia’s population by age Men Women 0–4, men: 0.05 million 5–9, men: 0.04 million 10–14, men: 0.04 million 15–19, men: 0.04 million 20–24, men: 0.03 million 25–29, men: 0.03 million 30–34, men: 0.03 million 35–39, men: 0.03 million 40–44, men: 0.03 million 45–49, men: 0.02 million 50–54, men: 0.02 million 55–59, men: 0.02 million 60–64, men: 0.01 million 65–69, men: 0.01 million 70–74, men: 0 million 75–79, men: 0 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.05 million 5–9, women: 0.04 million 10–14, women: 0.04 million 15–19, women: 0.04 million 20–24, women: 0.03 million 25–29, women: 0.03 million 30–34, women: 0.03 million 35–39, women: 0.02 million 40–44, women: 0.03 million 45–49, women: 0.02 million 50–54, women: 0.02 million 55–59, women: 0.02 million 60–64, women: 0.01 million 65–69, women: 0.01 million 70–74, women: 0.01 million 75–79, women: 0 million 80–84, women: 0 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.06 million 5–9, men: 0.04 million 10–14, men: 0.04 million 15–19, men: 0.04 million 20–24, men: 0.03 million 25–29, men: 0.03 million 30–34, men: 0.03 million 35–39, men: 0.03 million 40–44, men: 0.02 million 45–49, men: 0.02 million 50–54, men: 0.02 million 55–59, men: 0.02 million 60–64, men: 0.01 million 65–69, men: 0.01 million 70–74, men: 0 million 75–79, men: 0 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.07 million 5–9, women: 0.04 million 10–14, women: 0.04 million 15–19, women: 0.04 million 20–24, women: 0.03 million 25–29, women: 0.03 million 30–34, women: 0.03 million 35–39, women: 0.03 million 40–44, women: 0.02 million 45–49, women: 0.03 million 50–54, women: 0.02 million 55–59, women: 0.02 million 60–64, women: 0.02 million 65–69, women: 0.01 million 70–74, women: 0.01 million 75–79, women: 0 million 80–84, women: 0 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.08 million 5–9, men: 0.06 million 10–14, men: 0.04 million 15–19, men: 0.04 million 20–24, men: 0.04 million 25–29, men: 0.03 million 30–34, men: 0.03 million 35–39, men: 0.03 million 40–44, men: 0.03 million 45–49, men: 0.02 million 50–54, men: 0.02 million 55–59, men: 0.02 million 60–64, men: 0.02 million 65–69, men: 0.01 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.08 million 5–9, women: 0.06 million 10–14, women: 0.04 million 15–19, women: 0.04 million 20–24, women: 0.04 million 25–29, women: 0.03 million 30–34, women: 0.03 million 35–39, women: 0.03 million 40–44, women: 0.03 million 45–49, women: 0.02 million 50–54, women: 0.02 million 55–59, women: 0.02 million 60–64, women: 0.02 million 65–69, women: 0.01 million 70–74, women: 0.01 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.1 million 5–9, men: 0.08 million 10–14, men: 0.06 million 15–19, men: 0.04 million 20–24, men: 0.04 million 25–29, men: 0.04 million 30–34, men: 0.03 million 35–39, men: 0.03 million 40–44, men: 0.03 million 45–49, men: 0.02 million 50–54, men: 0.02 million 55–59, men: 0.02 million 60–64, men: 0.02 million 65–69, men: 0.01 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.1 million 5–9, women: 0.08 million 10–14, women: 0.06 million 15–19, women: 0.04 million 20–24, women: 0.04 million 25–29, women: 0.04 million 30–34, women: 0.03 million 35–39, women: 0.03 million 40–44, women: 0.03 million 45–49, women: 0.02 million 50–54, women: 0.02 million 55–59, women: 0.02 million 60–64, women: 0.02 million 65–69, women: 0.02 million 70–74, women: 0.01 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.11 million 5–9, men: 0.1 million 10–14, men: 0.08 million 15–19, men: 0.05 million 20–24, men: 0.04 million 25–29, men: 0.04 million 30–34, men: 0.04 million 35–39, men: 0.03 million 40–44, men: 0.03 million 45–49, men: 0.03 million 50–54, men: 0.02 million 55–59, men: 0.02 million 60–64, men: 0.02 million 65–69, men: 0.02 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.11 million 5–9, women: 0.1 million 10–14, women: 0.08 million 15–19, women: 0.05 million 20–24, women: 0.04 million 25–29, women: 0.04 million 30–34, women: 0.03 million 35–39, women: 0.03 million 40–44, women: 0.03 million 45–49, women: 0.02 million 50–54, women: 0.02 million 55–59, women: 0.02 million 60–64, women: 0.02 million 65–69, women: 0.02 million 70–74, women: 0.01 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.13 million 5–9, men: 0.11 million 10–14, men: 0.1 million 15–19, men: 0.08 million 20–24, men: 0.05 million 25–29, men: 0.04 million 30–34, men: 0.04 million 35–39, men: 0.04 million 40–44, men: 0.03 million 45–49, men: 0.03 million 50–54, men: 0.02 million 55–59, men: 0.02 million 60–64, men: 0.02 million 65–69, men: 0.01 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.13 million 5–9, women: 0.11 million 10–14, women: 0.1 million 15–19, women: 0.08 million 20–24, women: 0.05 million 25–29, women: 0.04 million 30–34, women: 0.04 million 35–39, women: 0.03 million 40–44, women: 0.03 million 45–49, women: 0.03 million 50–54, women: 0.02 million 55–59, women: 0.02 million 60–64, women: 0.02 million 65–69, women: 0.02 million 70–74, women: 0.01 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.14 million 5–9, men: 0.12 million 10–14, men: 0.11 million 15–19, men: 0.1 million 20–24, men: 0.08 million 25–29, men: 0.05 million 30–34, men: 0.04 million 35–39, men: 0.04 million 40–44, men: 0.04 million 45–49, men: 0.03 million 50–54, men: 0.02 million 55–59, men: 0.02 million 60–64, men: 0.02 million 65–69, men: 0.01 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.14 million 5–9, women: 0.12 million 10–14, women: 0.11 million 15–19, women: 0.1 million 20–24, women: 0.08 million 25–29, women: 0.05 million 30–34, women: 0.04 million 35–39, women: 0.04 million 40–44, women: 0.03 million 45–49, women: 0.03 million 50–54, women: 0.02 million 55–59, women: 0.02 million 60–64, women: 0.02 million 65–69, women: 0.02 million 70–74, women: 0.01 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.15 million 5–9, men: 0.13 million 10–14, men: 0.12 million 15–19, men: 0.11 million 20–24, men: 0.1 million 25–29, men: 0.08 million 30–34, men: 0.05 million 35–39, men: 0.04 million 40–44, men: 0.04 million 45–49, men: 0.03 million 50–54, men: 0.03 million 55–59, men: 0.02 million 60–64, men: 0.02 million 65–69, men: 0.01 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.15 million 5–9, women: 0.13 million 10–14, women: 0.12 million 15–19, women: 0.11 million 20–24, women: 0.1 million 25–29, women: 0.08 million 30–34, women: 0.05 million 35–39, women: 0.04 million 40–44, women: 0.04 million 45–49, women: 0.03 million 50–54, women: 0.03 million 55–59, women: 0.02 million 60–64, women: 0.02 million 65–69, women: 0.02 million 70–74, women: 0.01 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.17 million 5–9, men: 0.14 million 10–14, men: 0.13 million 15–19, men: 0.12 million 20–24, men: 0.1 million 25–29, men: 0.09 million 30–34, men: 0.08 million 35–39, men: 0.05 million 40–44, men: 0.04 million 45–49, men: 0.04 million 50–54, men: 0.03 million 55–59, men: 0.02 million 60–64, men: 0.02 million 65–69, men: 0.01 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.17 million 5–9, women: 0.15 million 10–14, women: 0.13 million 15–19, women: 0.12 million 20–24, women: 0.11 million 25–29, women: 0.1 million 30–34, women: 0.08 million 35–39, women: 0.05 million 40–44, women: 0.04 million 45–49, women: 0.03 million 50–54, women: 0.03 million 55–59, women: 0.03 million 60–64, women: 0.02 million 65–69, women: 0.02 million 70–74, women: 0.01 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0.01 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.15 million 5–9, men: 0.16 million 10–14, men: 0.14 million 15–19, men: 0.13 million 20–24, men: 0.12 million 25–29, men: 0.1 million 30–34, men: 0.09 million 35–39, men: 0.07 million 40–44, men: 0.05 million 45–49, men: 0.03 million 50–54, men: 0.03 million 55–59, men: 0.03 million 60–64, men: 0.02 million 65–69, men: 0.01 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.15 million 5–9, women: 0.17 million 10–14, women: 0.14 million 15–19, women: 0.13 million 20–24, women: 0.12 million 25–29, women: 0.1 million 30–34, women: 0.09 million 35–39, women: 0.07 million 40–44, women: 0.05 million 45–49, women: 0.03 million 50–54, women: 0.03 million 55–59, women: 0.03 million 60–64, women: 0.02 million 65–69, women: 0.02 million 70–74, women: 0.01 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0.01 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.13 million 5–9, men: 0.14 million 10–14, men: 0.16 million 15–19, men: 0.14 million 20–24, men: 0.12 million 25–29, men: 0.11 million 30–34, men: 0.1 million 35–39, men: 0.09 million 40–44, men: 0.07 million 45–49, men: 0.04 million 50–54, men: 0.03 million 55–59, men: 0.03 million 60–64, men: 0.02 million 65–69, men: 0.02 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.13 million 5–9, women: 0.14 million 10–14, women: 0.16 million 15–19, women: 0.14 million 20–24, women: 0.12 million 25–29, women: 0.12 million 30–34, women: 0.1 million 35–39, women: 0.09 million 40–44, women: 0.07 million 45–49, women: 0.04 million 50–54, women: 0.03 million 55–59, women: 0.03 million 60–64, women: 0.02 million 65–69, women: 0.02 million 70–74, women: 0.01 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.12 million 5–9, men: 0.12 million 10–14, men: 0.14 million 15–19, men: 0.16 million 20–24, men: 0.13 million 25–29, men: 0.12 million 30–34, men: 0.11 million 35–39, men: 0.09 million 40–44, men: 0.08 million 45–49, men: 0.06 million 50–54, men: 0.04 million 55–59, men: 0.03 million 60–64, men: 0.02 million 65–69, men: 0.02 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.12 million 5–9, women: 0.12 million 10–14, women: 0.14 million 15–19, women: 0.16 million 20–24, women: 0.13 million 25–29, women: 0.12 million 30–34, women: 0.11 million 35–39, women: 0.1 million 40–44, women: 0.09 million 45–49, women: 0.07 million 50–54, women: 0.04 million 55–59, women: 0.03 million 60–64, women: 0.03 million 65–69, women: 0.02 million 70–74, women: 0.02 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0.01 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.15 million 5–9, men: 0.11 million 10–14, men: 0.12 million 15–19, men: 0.14 million 20–24, men: 0.15 million 25–29, men: 0.13 million 30–34, men: 0.11 million 35–39, men: 0.1 million 40–44, men: 0.09 million 45–49, men: 0.08 million 50–54, men: 0.06 million 55–59, men: 0.03 million 60–64, men: 0.02 million 65–69, men: 0.02 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.14 million 5–9, women: 0.11 million 10–14, women: 0.12 million 15–19, women: 0.13 million 20–24, women: 0.15 million 25–29, women: 0.13 million 30–34, women: 0.11 million 35–39, women: 0.1 million 40–44, women: 0.09 million 45–49, women: 0.08 million 50–54, women: 0.06 million 55–59, women: 0.04 million 60–64, women: 0.03 million 65–69, women: 0.02 million 70–74, women: 0.02 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0.01 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.19 million 5–9, men: 0.15 million 10–14, men: 0.11 million 15–19, men: 0.12 million 20–24, men: 0.13 million 25–29, men: 0.15 million 30–34, men: 0.13 million 35–39, men: 0.11 million 40–44, men: 0.1 million 45–49, men: 0.08 million 50–54, men: 0.07 million 55–59, men: 0.05 million 60–64, men: 0.03 million 65–69, men: 0.02 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.18 million 5–9, women: 0.14 million 10–14, women: 0.11 million 15–19, women: 0.12 million 20–24, women: 0.13 million 25–29, women: 0.15 million 30–34, women: 0.12 million 35–39, women: 0.11 million 40–44, women: 0.1 million 45–49, women: 0.09 million 50–54, women: 0.08 million 55–59, women: 0.06 million 60–64, women: 0.04 million 65–69, women: 0.02 million 70–74, women: 0.02 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0.01 million 85–89, women: 0 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.2 million 5–9, men: 0.2 million 10–14, men: 0.15 million 15–19, men: 0.11 million 20–24, men: 0.12 million 25–29, men: 0.13 million 30–34, men: 0.15 million 35–39, men: 0.13 million 40–44, men: 0.11 million 45–49, men: 0.1 million 50–54, men: 0.08 million 55–59, men: 0.06 million 60–64, men: 0.04 million 65–69, men: 0.02 million 70–74, men: 0.01 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0.01 million 85–89, men: 0 million 90–94, men: 0 million 95–99, men: 0 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.19 million 5–9, women: 0.19 million 10–14, women: 0.14 million 15–19, women: 0.1 million 20–24, women: 0.11 million 25–29, women: 0.13 million 30–34, women: 0.14 million 35–39, women: 0.12 million 40–44, women: 0.11 million 45–49, women: 0.1 million 50–54, women: 0.09 million 55–59, women: 0.08 million 60–64, women: 0.06 million 65–69, women: 0.03 million 70–74, women: 0.02 million 75–79, women: 0.01 million 80–84, women: 0.01 million 85–89, women: 0.01 million 90–94, women: 0 million 95–99, women: 0 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.17 million 5–9, men: 0.2 million 10–14, men: 0.2 million 15–19, men: 0.15 million 20–24, men: 0.11 million 25–29, men: 0.12 million 30–34, men: 0.13 million 35–39, men: 0.15 million 40–44, men: 0.12 million 45–49, men: 0.11 million 50–54, men: 0.09 million 55–59, men: 0.07 million 60–64, men: 0.06 million 65–69, men: 0.04 million 70–74, men: 0.02 million 75–79, men: 0.01 million 80–84, men: 0.01 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million 95–99, women: 0.01 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.15 million 5–9, men: 0.16 million 10–14, men: 0.16 million 15–19, men: 0.17 million 20–24, men: 0.18 million 25–29, men: 0.18 million 30–34, men: 0.17 million 35–39, men: 0.17 million 40–44, men: 0.18 million 45–49, men: 0.18 million 50–54, men: 0.17 million 55–59, men: 0.14 million 60–64, men: 0.13 million 65–69, men: 0.14 million 70–74, men: 0.15 million 75–79, men: 0.13 million 80–84, men: 0.08 million 85–89, men: 0.04 million 90–94, men: 0.02 million 95–99, men: 0.01 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.15 million 5–9, women: 0.15 million 10–14, women: 0.16 million 15–19, women: 0.16 million 20–24, women: 0.17 million 25–29, women: 0.17 million 30–34, women: 0.16 million 35–39, women: 0.16 million 40–44, women: 0.17 million 45–49, women: 0.17 million 50–54, women: 0.16 million 55–59, women: 0.14 million 60–64, women: 0.13 million 65–69, women: 0.14 million 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women: 0.17 million 50–54, women: 0.17 million 55–59, women: 0.16 million 60–64, women: 0.14 million 65–69, women: 0.13 million 70–74, women: 0.14 million 75–79, women: 0.15 million 80–84, women: 0.13 million 85–89, women: 0.08 million 90–94, women: 0.03 million 95–99, women: 0.01 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Men Women 0–4, men: 0.15 million 5–9, men: 0.15 million 10–14, men: 0.15 million 15–19, men: 0.16 million 20–24, men: 0.18 million 25–29, men: 0.18 million 30–34, men: 0.18 million 35–39, men: 0.17 million 40–44, men: 0.16 million 45–49, men: 0.17 million 50–54, men: 0.17 million 55–59, men: 0.17 million 60–64, men: 0.16 million 65–69, men: 0.13 million 70–74, men: 0.12 million 75–79, men: 0.12 million 80–84, men: 0.11 million 85–89, men: 0.08 million 90–94, men: 0.03 million 95–99, men: 0.01 million 100+, men: 0 million 0–4, women: 0.15 million 5–9, women: 0.15 million 10–14, women: 0.15 million 15–19, women: 0.15 million 20–24, women: 0.17 million 25–29, women: 0.17 million 30–34, women: 0.16 million 35–39, women: 0.16 million 40–44, women: 0.15 million 45–49, women: 0.16 million 50–54, women: 0.17 million 55–59, women: 0.17 million 60–64, women: 0.16 million 65–69, women: 0.14 million 70–74, women: 0.13 million 75–79, women: 0.13 million 80–84, women: 0.13 million 85–89, women: 0.11 million 90–94, women: 0.05 million 95–99, women: 0.01 million 100+, women: 0 million 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0m 0 0m Millions of people in each five-year age group, men left and women right. Years after 2023 are UN projections (medium variant). Source: UN World Population Prospects · 1950–2100 · Updated 13 Nov 2026 ·
Births per woman 2.69 2023 · 74th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age 26.8 2023 · 154th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over 5.4% 2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Mongolia emitted 44.7 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Mongolia’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024 0 Mt 10 Mt 20 Mt 30 Mt 40 Mt 50 Mt 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2024 Source: Our World in Data CO2 · 1990–2024 · Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions 45Mt 2024 · 59th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person 12.9t 2024 · 16th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 1750 861Mt 2024 · 87th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Shown only where a source covers Mongolia.
Refugees 26 refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
6,082 from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder · 2025
Sanctions 2 entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 2
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions List · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants US$22.0billion committed by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance · 2000–2021
Cyber incidents 8 publicly known incidents affecting Mongolia, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.0 · 2000–2024
48 measures on this site have a recent figure for Mongolia.
Measure Value Year Rank Source GDP $25 bn 2025 121st of 186 World Bank GDP per person $7,108 2025 98th of 186 World Bank Economic growth 6.8% 2025 19th of 186 World Bank Inflation 8.6% 2025 22nd of 169 World Bank Government debt 45% 2025 116th of 191 IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 Government budget balance 2.2% 2025 23rd of 195 IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 Current account balance −8.4% 2025 168th of 194 IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 Unemployment 5.2% 2025 87th of 181 World Bank Reserves, including gold $5.5 bn 2024 92nd of 164 World Bank Trade 138% 2024 26th of 172 World Bank Foreign investment in $2.7 bn 2025 62nd of 200 World Bank Remittances received 2.2% 2024 84th of 162 World Bank Population 3.6 m 2025 132nd of 216 World Bank Population with UN projections 3.4 m 2023 133rd of 237 UN WPP 2024 Births per woman 2.69 2023 74th of 237 UN WPP 2024 Median age 26.8 2023 154th of 237 UN WPP 2024 Life expectancy 71.7 2023 155th of 237 UN WPP 2024 Refugees from the country 6,082 2025 93rd of 206 UNHCR Refugees and others needing protection, by host 26 2025 160th of 176 UNHCR Refugees hosted per 1,000 people 0.0 2025 167th of 176 UNHCR Crude oil production 14 kb/d 2025 70th of 214 EIA Oil consumption 48 kb/d 2024 107th of 212 EIA Natural gas production 2024 97th of 213 EIA Natural gas consumption 0.0 bcm 2024 126th of 213 EIA Electricity generated 9 TWh 2024 112th of 193 Ember Low-carbon electricity 8.8% 2024 154th of 193 Ember Electricity from coal 85% 2024 3rd of 193 Ember Electricity from wind and solar 8.2% 2024 87th of 193 Ember Wheat production 0.4 Mt 2024 64th of 123 FAOSTAT Wheat imports 0.1 Mt 2024 121st of 180 FAOSTAT Maize imports 0.0 Mt 2024 175th of 196 FAOSTAT Rice imports 0.0 Mt 2024 106th of 197 FAOSTAT Soybean imports 0.0 Mt 2024 118th of 179 FAOSTAT Potash fertiliser use 0.00 Mt 2024 158th of 199 FAOSTAT Phosphate fertiliser use 0.00 Mt 2024 154th of 199 FAOSTAT CO2 emissions 45 Mt 2024 59th of 214 Global Carbon Budget CO2 per person 12.9 t 2024 16th of 213 Global Carbon Budget CO2 emitted since 1750 861 Mt 2024 87th of 214 Global Carbon Budget Net CO2 imports through trade −17% 2023 111th of 120 Global Carbon Budget Water stress 3.1 2023 46th of 164 WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0 ) Water from abroad 0% 2023 125th of 193 FAO AQUASTAT Military spending, share of GDP 0.9% 2025 118th of 150 World Bank Military spending $221 m 2025 118th of 150 World Bank People using the internet 85% 2024 80th of 182 World Bank ICT service exports $62 m 2024 111th of 162 World Bank ICT service exports, share of service exports 3.9% 2024 101st of 162 World Bank Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) 2 2026 155th of 181 US CSL Chinese loans and grants committed $1.9 bn 2021 10th of 122 AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0
Sources for this page World Bank Indicators GDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, … IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 Debt, Budget balance, Current account UN World Population Prospects Population (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy UNHCR Refugee Data Finder Refugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000 U.S. Energy Information Administration Oil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance Ember electricity data Electricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar FAOSTAT Wheat production, Wheat imports, Maize imports, Rice imports, Soybean imports, Potash use, … Our World in Data CO2 CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0 ) Water stress FAO AQUASTAT Water from abroad US Consolidated Screening List Sanctions list entries, Sanctions AidData Chinese development finance Chinese loans and grants SIPRI Arms Transfers Database Dependencies at a glance EU financial sanctions list Sanctions UK Sanctions List Sanctions EuRepoC cyber incidents Cyber incidents