Net CO2 imports through trade % of emissions inside the country
In 2023, Malta had the largest net CO2 imports through trade, relative to emissions inside its borders: 709%.
Definition. Emissions embodied in imports minus those embodied in exports, as a share of emissions inside the country. Negative means more is exported than imported. How we measure
Source: Global Carbon Budget2023Updated 24 Oct 2026
Countries and territories with data, ranked
| 1 | Malta | 709% | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Hong Kong | 337% | 2023 |
| 3 | Switzerland | 270% | 2023 |
| 4 | Singapore | 266% | 2023 |
| 5 | Togo | 224% | 2023 |
| 6 | Namibia | 180% | 2023 |
| 7 | Nepal | 158% | 2023 |
| 8 | Sri Lanka | 142% | 2023 |
| 9 | Belgium | 132% | 2023 |
| 10 | Latvia | 103% | 2023 |
| 11 | Botswana | 100% | 2023 |
| 12 | Cambodia | 82% | 2023 |
| 13 | Malawi | 74% | 2023 |
| 14 | Rwanda | 74% | 2023 |
| 15 | Costa Rica | 73% | 2023 |
| 16 | Mauritius | 72% | 2023 |
| 17 | Kyrgyzstan | 72% | 2023 |
| 18 | Paraguay | 72% | 2023 |
| 19 | Denmark | 72% | 2023 |
| 20 | Sweden | 68% | 2023 |
| 21 | Guinea | 65% | 2023 |
| 22 | Kenya | 65% | 2023 |
| 23 | Slovenia | 64% | 2023 |
| 24 | Lithuania | 64% | 2023 |
| 25 | Bangladesh | 61% | 2023 |
| 26 | Israel | 59% | 2023 |
| 27 | Mozambique | 59% | 2023 |
| 28 | United Kingdom | 58% | 2023 |
| 29 | France | 51% | 2023 |
| 30 | Panama | 50% | 2023 |
| 31 | Finland | 49% | 2023 |
| 32 | Madagascar | 44% | 2023 |
| 33 | Estonia | 44% | 2023 |
| 34 | Benin | 42% | 2023 |
| 35 | Uruguay | 41% | 2023 |
| 36 | Uganda | 41% | 2023 |
| 37 | Hungary | 41% | 2023 |
| 38 | Jordan | 38% | 2023 |
| 39 | Italy | 37% | 2023 |
| 40 | Senegal | 35% | 2023 |
| 41 | Austria | 34% | 2023 |
| 42 | Ethiopia | 32% | 2023 |
| 43 | Nicaragua | 32% | 2023 |
| 44 | Philippines | 31% | 2023 |
| 45 | New Zealand | 31% | 2023 |
| 46 | Ghana | 31% | 2023 |
| 47 | El Salvador | 30% | 2023 |
| 48 | Germany | 29% | 2023 |
| 49 | Greece | 29% | 2023 |
| 50 | Guatemala | 29% | 2023 |
| 51 | Georgia | 29% | 2023 |
| 52 | Croatia | 28% | 2023 |
| 53 | Netherlands | 28% | 2023 |
| 54 | Côte d'Ivoire | 27% | 2023 |
| 55 | Dominican Republic | 27% | 2023 |
| 56 | Tanzania | 27% | 2023 |
| 57 | Tajikistan | 27% | 2023 |
| 58 | Portugal | 26% | 2023 |
| 59 | Mexico | 23% | 2023 |
| 60 | Albania | 22% | 2023 |
| 61 | Ireland | 22% | 2023 |
| 62 | Spain | 21% | 2023 |
| 63 | South Korea | 20% | 2023 |
| 64 | Czechia | 20% | 2023 |
| 65 | Cyprus | 20% | 2023 |
| 66 | Peru | 19% | 2023 |
| 67 | Ukraine | 19% | 2023 |
| 68 | United Arab Emirates | 18% | 2023 |
| 69 | Pakistan | 18% | 2023 |
| 70 | Colombia | 16% | 2023 |
| 71 | Japan | 16% | 2023 |
| 72 | Thailand | 15% | 2023 |
| 73 | Romania | 15% | 2023 |
| 74 | Zimbabwe | 14% | 2023 |
| 75 | Slovakia | 14% | 2023 |
| 76 | Chile | 14% | 2023 |
| 77 | Belarus | 12% | 2023 |
| 78 | United States | 10% | 2023 |
| 79 | Taiwan | 10% | 2023 |
| 80 | Ecuador | 9.6% | 2023 |
| 81 | Zambia | 7.4% | 2023 |
| 82 | Luxembourg | 7.2% | 2023 |
| 83 | Cameroon | 7.1% | 2023 |
| 84 | Oman | 4.4% | 2023 |
| 85 | Bolivia | 4.1% | 2023 |
| 86 | Argentina | 4.1% | 2023 |
| 87 | Malaysia | 3.7% | 2023 |
| 88 | Jamaica | 3.3% | 2023 |
| 89 | Armenia | 3.3% | 2023 |
| 90 | Nigeria | 3% | 2023 |
| 91 | Bulgaria | 2.3% | 2023 |
| 92 | Morocco | 1.4% | 2023 |
| 93 | Egypt | 1.3% | 2023 |
| 94 | Norway | 0.3% | 2023 |
| 95 | Kuwait | −0.7% | 2023 |
| 96 | Türkiye | −0.8% | 2023 |
| 97 | Brazil | −2.9% | 2023 |
| 98 | Australia | −3.2% | 2023 |
| 99 | Poland | −3.3% | 2023 |
| 100 | Saudi Arabia | −3.4% | 2023 |
| 101 | Azerbaijan | −4.5% | 2023 |
| 102 | Indonesia | −4.5% | 2023 |
| 103 | Canada | −4.7% | 2023 |
| 104 | Tunisia | −4.9% | 2023 |
| 105 | Burkina Faso | −8% | 2023 |
| 106 | China | −11% | 2023 |
| 107 | Iran | −15% | 2023 |
| 108 | Honduras | −16% | 2023 |
| 109 | Venezuela | −16% | 2023 |
| 110 | India | −17% | 2023 |
| 111 | Mongolia | −17% | 2023 |
| 112 | Russia | −19% | 2023 |
| 113 | South Africa | −25% | 2023 |
| 114 | Kazakhstan | −26% | 2023 |
| 115 | Vietnam | −29% | 2023 |
| 116 | Brunei | −29% | 2023 |
| 117 | Qatar | −31% | 2023 |
| 118 | Trinidad and Tobago | −37% | 2023 |
| 119 | Laos | −39% | 2023 |
| 120 | Bahrain | −43% | 2023 |
Source: Global Carbon Budget2023Updated 24 Oct 2026
Net CO2 imports through trade, 2023
under −0.8%−0.8%–15%15%–29%29%–64%64%+
No data
120 of 120 countries and territories reported for 2023.
Over time
The median country’s value ranged from 11% to 23% between 2009 and 2023.
The median of reporting countries and the five highest in 2023. Dashed: median.
Source: Global Carbon Budget2009–2023Updated 24 Oct 2026