Refugees
171,597refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
399from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Ireland
Ireland has 5.5 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $722 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the maize it uses (FAOSTAT, 2024) and all of the oil it uses (EIA, 2025, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 5.5 m (2025)
- Member of
- European Union, OECD (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$722billion23rd of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population5.5million121st of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$131,5922nd of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP0.2% of GDP145th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person6.3t45th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Ireland imports all of the maize it uses and all of the oil it uses.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports all of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | United States, Azerbaijan, Algeria |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports 78% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | United Kingdom, Czechia, Netherlands |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 57% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United Kingdom, Poland, France |
| Maize | Imports most | Imports all of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Canada, United Kingdom, Brazil |
| Rice | Imports most | Imports all of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Netherlands, India, Belgium |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports all of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, 2023 | Canada, United Kingdom |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Germany, Spain, United Kingdom |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Morocco, Egypt, Lithuania |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Spain, 72% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Spain, New Zealand, Israel |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Israel, 75% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Israel, United States, Malaysia |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports all of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: United States, Azerbaijan, Algeria
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasImports most
Imports 78% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: United Kingdom, Czechia, Netherlands
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatImports most
Imports 57% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: United Kingdom, Poland, France
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports most
Imports all of the maize it uses
Main partners: Canada, United Kingdom, Brazil
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceImports most
Imports all of the rice it uses
Main partners: Netherlands, India, Belgium
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports all of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Canada, United Kingdom
FAOSTAT, 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Germany, Spain, United Kingdom
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Morocco, Egypt, Lithuania
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Spain, 72% of imports
Main partners: Spain, New Zealand, Israel
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Israel, 75% of imports
Main partners: Israel, United States, Malaysia
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Ireland’s economy produced $722 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth12.3%2025 · 3rd of 186 · World Bank
Inflation2.2%2025 · 107th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment4.6%2025 · 104th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$12.7billion2024 · 74th of 164 · World Bank
Trade246% of GDP2024 · 4th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$75.0billion2025 · 7th of 200 · World Bank
US Treasury securities held
US Treasury securities heldUS$352bn2026-08; US$340bn a year earlier
Source: US Treasury TIC2026-08Updated 13 Nov 2026
People
Ireland had 5.5 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Ireland’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.602023 · 152nd of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age38.42023 · 68th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over16%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Ireland numbered 1 at the end of 2024.
Notable AI models12015 · Epoch AI
Climate and hazards
Ireland emitted 33.3 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Ireland’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions33Mt2024 · 69th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person6.3t2024 · 45th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 17502,366Mt2024 · 64th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress0.42023 · 132nd of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Ireland.
Sanctions
11entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 8 and UK 3
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Cyber incidents
5publicly known incidents affecting Ireland, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
53 measures on this site have a recent figure for Ireland.
| GDP | $722 bn | 2025 | 23rd of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $131,592 | 2025 | 2nd of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 12.3% | 2025 | 3rd of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 2.2% | 2025 | 107th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 35% | 2025 | 143rd of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | 1.9% | 2025 | 25th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 8.0% | 2025 | 25th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 4.6% | 2025 | 104th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $13 bn | 2024 | 74th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 246% | 2024 | 4th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $75 bn | 2025 | 7th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 0.1% | 2024 | 147th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 5.5 m | 2025 | 121st of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 5.2 m | 2023 | 122nd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.60 | 2023 | 152nd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 38.4 | 2023 | 68th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 82.4 | 2023 | 28th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 399 | 2025 | 150th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 171,597 | 2025 | 47th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 31.3 | 2025 | 20th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 0 kb/d | 2025 | 100th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 156 kb/d | 2024 | 63rd of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 65th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 5.1 bcm | 2024 | 60th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 31 TWh | 2024 | 71st of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 47% | 2024 | 81st of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 2% | 2024 | 68th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 41% | 2024 | 11th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 0.4 Mt | 2024 | 65th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.6 Mt | 2024 | 62nd of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 163rd of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 1.5 Mt | 2024 | 32nd of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 116th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 109th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.0 Mt | 2023 | 104th of 110 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 68th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.09 Mt | 2024 | 36th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.03 Mt | 2024 | 69th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 33 Mt | 2024 | 69th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 6.3 t | 2024 | 45th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 2,366 Mt | 2024 | 64th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 22% | 2023 | 61st of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 0.4 | 2023 | 132nd of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 6% | 2023 | 97th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 0.2% | 2025 | 145th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $1.6 bn | 2025 | 69th of 150 | World Bank |
| Arms imports | 15 TIV m | 2025 | 77th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 25 TIV m | 2025 | 36th of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 1 | 2024 | 65th of 82 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| People using the internet | 97% | 2024 | 16th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $305 bn | 2024 | 1st of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 57% | 2024 | 2nd of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 11 | 2026 | 105th of 181 | US CSL |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure