Refugees
948,151refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
72,978from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Brazil
Brazil has 213 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $2.28 tn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports 97% of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 213 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$2.28trillion11th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population213million7th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$10,71380th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP1.1% of GDP106th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person2.3t126th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Brazil imports 97% of its potash supply; it exports oil.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Exporter | Exports 24% of what it producesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025; Brazil → United States from EIA’s US crude oil imports | China, United States, Spain (buyers) |
| Natural gas | Imports some | Imports 27% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Bolivia, United States, United Kingdom |
| Wheat | Imports some | Imports 33% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Argentina, Russia, Uruguay |
| Maize | Exporter | Exports 33% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | China, Japan, Vietnam (buyers) |
| Rice | Low net trade | Imports 1.2% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Paraguay, Uruguay |
| Soybeans | Exporter | Exports 68% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | China, Argentina, Thailand (buyers) |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports 97% of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Russia, Canada, Israel |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports 69% of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Morocco, Egypt, China |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: France, 62% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | France, Sweden, Italy |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: China, 31% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | China, South Korea, Taiwan |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilExporter
Exports 24% of what it produces
Main partners: China, United States, Spain (buyers)
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025; Brazil → United States from EIA’s US crude oil imports
- Natural gasImports some
Imports 27% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Bolivia, United States, United Kingdom
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatImports some
Imports 33% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: Argentina, Russia, Uruguay
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeExporter
Exports 33% of what it produces
Main partners: China, Japan, Vietnam (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- RiceLow net trade
Imports 1.2% of the rice it uses
Main partners: Paraguay, Uruguay
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansExporter
Exports 68% of what it produces
Main partners: China, Argentina, Thailand (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports 97% of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Russia, Canada, Israel
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports 69% of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Morocco, Egypt, China
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: France, 62% of imports
Main partners: France, Sweden, Italy
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: China, 31% of imports
Main partners: China, South Korea, Taiwan
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Brazil’s economy produced $2.28 tn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth2.3%2025 · 126th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation5.0%2025 · 37th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment6.0%2025 · 73rd of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$330billion2024 · 11th of 164 · World Bank
Trade36% of GDP2024 · 161st of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$77.7billion2025 · 6th of 200 · World Bank
US Treasury securities held
US Treasury securities heldUS$168bn2026-08; US$185bn a year earlier
Source: US Treasury TIC2026-08Updated 13 Nov 2026
People
Brazil had 213 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Brazil’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.622023 · 150th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age33.92023 · 105th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over11%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Brazil numbered 23 at the end of 2026.
AI compute share0.1%2025 · 24th of 36 · Epoch AI
Climate and hazards
Brazil emitted 483 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Brazil’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions483Mt2024 · 13th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person2.3t2024 · 126th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175018,199Mt2024 · 19th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress1.02023 · 103rd of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Brazil.
Sanctions
26entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 25 and UK 1
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$54.3billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
39publicly known incidents affecting Brazil, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
56 measures on this site have a recent figure for Brazil.
| GDP | $2.28 tn | 2025 | 11th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $10,713 | 2025 | 80th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 2.3% | 2025 | 126th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 5.0% | 2025 | 37th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 93% | 2025 | 29th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −7.4% | 2025 | 179th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | −2.9% | 2025 | 116th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 6.0% | 2025 | 73rd of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $330 bn | 2024 | 11th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 36% | 2024 | 161st of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $78 bn | 2025 | 6th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 0.2% | 2024 | 135th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 213 m | 2025 | 7th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 211 m | 2023 | 7th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.62 | 2023 | 150th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 33.9 | 2023 | 105th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 75.8 | 2023 | 114th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 72,978 | 2025 | 43rd of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 948,151 | 2025 | 14th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 4.5 | 2025 | 85th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 3,769 kb/d | 2025 | 9th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 3,269 kb/d | 2024 | 6th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 30th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 30.4 bcm | 2024 | 29th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 751 TWh | 2024 | 6th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 90% | 2024 | 25th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 1.9% | 2024 | 69th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 24% | 2024 | 28th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 7.6 Mt | 2024 | 19th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 6.6 Mt | 2024 | 8th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 115.0 Mt | 2024 | 3rd of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 1.6 Mt | 2024 | 30th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 7.1 Mt | 2024 | 11th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 1.0 Mt | 2024 | 14th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 144.5 Mt | 2024 | 1st of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.8 Mt | 2024 | 23rd of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 8.89 Mt | 2024 | 1st of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 6.20 Mt | 2024 | 3rd of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 483 Mt | 2024 | 13th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 2.3 t | 2024 | 126th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 18,199 Mt | 2024 | 19th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | −2.9% | 2023 | 97th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 1.0 | 2023 | 103rd of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 35% | 2023 | 55th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 1.1% | 2025 | 106th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $24 bn | 2025 | 21st of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 619 | 2025 | 23rd of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 462 TIV m | 2025 | 23rd of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 153 TIV m | 2025 | 17th of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 23 | 2026 | 23rd of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | 0.1% | 2025 | 24th of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 84% | 2024 | 81st of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $6.2 bn | 2024 | 30th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 13% | 2024 | 41st of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 26 | 2026 | 82nd of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $1.9 bn | 2021 | 9th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- Epoch AIAI compute share
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure