Refugees
86,897refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
2,983from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Thailand
Thailand has 72 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $577 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated) and 71% of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 72 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$577billion29th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population72million20th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$8,05791st of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP1.0% of GDP108th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person3.7t92nd of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Thailand imports all of its potash supply and 71% of the oil it uses; it exports rice.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 71% of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United States → Thailand as reported by the exporter | United Arab Emirates, United States, Saudi Arabia |
| Natural gas | Imports some | Imports 41% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Myanmar, Qatar, Australia |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports all of the wheat it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Australia, United States, Bulgaria |
| Maize | Imports some | Imports 30% of the maize it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Myanmar, Laos |
| Rice | Exporter | Exports 44% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Indonesia, South Africa, United States (buyers) |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports all of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Brazil, United States |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Canada, Laos, Jordan |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | China, Morocco, Egypt |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: China, 49% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | China, United States, Israel |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Taiwan, 50% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Taiwan, China, Malaysia |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 71% of the oil it uses
Main partners: United Arab Emirates, United States, Saudi Arabia
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United States → Thailand as reported by the exporter
- Natural gasImports some
Imports 41% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Myanmar, Qatar, Australia
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatImports most
Imports all of the wheat it uses Estimate
Main partners: Australia, United States, Bulgaria
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports some
Imports 30% of the maize it uses Estimate
Main partners: Myanmar, Laos
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceExporter
Exports 44% of what it produces
Main partners: Indonesia, South Africa, United States (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports all of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Brazil, United States
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Canada, Laos, Jordan
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: China, Morocco, Egypt
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: China, 49% of imports
Main partners: China, United States, Israel
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Taiwan, 50% of imports
Main partners: Taiwan, China, Malaysia
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Thailand’s economy produced $577 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth2.4%2025 · 123rd of 186 · World Bank
Inflation−0.1%2025 · 159th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment0.8%2025 · 178th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$237billion2024 · 15th of 164 · World Bank
Trade136% of GDP2024 · 30th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$18.5billion2025 · 25th of 200 · World Bank
People
Thailand had 72 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Thailand’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.212023 · 216th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age39.72023 · 58th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over16%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Thailand numbered 11 at the end of 2026.
AI compute share0.1%2025 · 20th of 36 · Epoch AI
Climate and hazards
Thailand emitted 268 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Thailand’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions268Mt2024 · 23rd of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person3.7t2024 · 92nd of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 17508,308Mt2024 · 30th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress3.62023 · 35th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Thailand.
Sanctions
69entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 52 and UK 17
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$5.25billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
33publicly known incidents affecting Thailand, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
56 measures on this site have a recent figure for Thailand.
| GDP | $577 bn | 2025 | 29th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $8,057 | 2025 | 91st of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 2.4% | 2025 | 123rd of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | −0.1% | 2025 | 159th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | Estimate | 2025 | 66th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | Estimate | 2025 | 73rd of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 3.0% | 2025 | 53rd of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 0.8% | 2025 | 178th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $237 bn | 2024 | 15th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 136% | 2024 | 30th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $19 bn | 2025 | 25th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 1.8% | 2024 | 92nd of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 72 m | 2025 | 20th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 72 m | 2023 | 20th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.21 | 2023 | 216th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 39.7 | 2023 | 58th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 76.4 | 2023 | 103rd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 2,983 | 2025 | 104th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 86,897 | 2025 | 64th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 1.2 | 2025 | 109th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 162 kb/d | 2025 | 38th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 1,372 kb/d | 2024 | 17th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 25th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 45.4 bcm | 2024 | 24th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 217 TWh | 2024 | 24th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 22% | 2024 | 123rd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 15% | 2024 | 43rd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 5.8% | 2024 | 98th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 110th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 4.0 Mt | 2024 | 19th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 4.6 Mt | 2024 | 28th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 2.0 Mt | 2024 | 23rd of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 22.5 Mt | 2024 | 6th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 139th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 63rd of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 3.9 Mt | 2024 | 4th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.66 Mt | 2024 | 8th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.33 Mt | 2024 | 17th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 268 Mt | 2024 | 23rd of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 3.7 t | 2024 | 92nd of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 8,308 Mt | 2024 | 30th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 15% | 2023 | 72nd of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 3.6 | 2023 | 35th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 49% | 2023 | 41st of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 1.0% | 2025 | 108th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $6.0 bn | 2025 | 44th of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 122 | 2025 | 37th of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 33 TIV m | 2025 | 61st of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 15 TIV m | 2024 | 43rd of 50 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 11 | 2026 | 34th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | 0.1% | 2025 | 20th of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 91% | 2024 | 52nd of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $519 m | 2024 | 75th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 0.7% | 2024 | 147th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 69 | 2026 | 42nd of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $53 m | 2021 | 56th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- Epoch AIAI compute share
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure