Refugees
12,071refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
17,420from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Indonesia
Indonesia mines 67% of the world’s nickel and 14% of its cobalt (USGS, 2025, estimated). It has 286 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $1.45 tn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 286 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$1.45trillion17th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population286million4th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$5,060118th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP1.0% of GDP107th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person2.9t114th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Indonesia imports all of its potash supply; it exports gas.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports some | Imports 48% of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Nigeria, Angola, Saudi Arabia |
| Natural gas | Exporter | Exports 28% of what it produces PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | China, Japan, Singapore (buyers) |
| Wheat | Not reported by this source | – | |
| Maize | Low net trade | Imports 10% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Argentina, Brazil |
| Rice | Low net trade | Imports 11% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports 92% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United States, Canada |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Canada, Russia, Belarus |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports 54% of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Egypt, China, Australia |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Italy, 40% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Italy, United States, France |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Taiwan, 32% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Taiwan, China, South Korea |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports some
Imports 48% of the oil it uses
Main partners: Nigeria, Angola, Saudi Arabia
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasExporter
Exports 28% of what it produces Preliminary
Main partners: China, Japan, Singapore (buyers)
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
- Wheat
Not reported by this source
- MaizeLow net trade
Imports 10% of the maize it uses
Main partners: Argentina, Brazil
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceLow net trade
Imports 11% of the rice it uses
Main partners: Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports 92% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: United States, Canada
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Canada, Russia, Belarus
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports 54% of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Egypt, China, Australia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Italy, 40% of imports
Main partners: Italy, United States, France
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Taiwan, 32% of imports
Main partners: Taiwan, China, South Korea
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolWhere it supplies 10% or more of the world
Indonesia mines 67% of the world’s nickel and 14% of its cobalt (USGS, 2025, estimated).
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries2025, estimatedUpdated 13 Nov 2026Estimate
Critical minerals mapMoney and reserves
Indonesia’s economy produced $1.45 tn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth5.1%2025 · 43rd of 186 · World Bank
Inflation1.9%2025 · 115th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment3.2%2025 · 134th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$156billion2024 · 20th of 164 · World Bank
Trade43% of GDP2024 · 142nd of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$22.7billion2025 · 21st of 200 · World Bank
People
Indonesia had 286 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Indonesia’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman2.132023 · 104th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age29.82023 · 129th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over7.5%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Indonesia numbered 20 at the end of 2026.
Climate and hazards
Indonesia emitted 812 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Indonesia’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions812Mt2024 · 6th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person2.9t2024 · 114th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175017,420Mt2024 · 20th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress2.72023 · 55th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Indonesia.
Sanctions
86entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 41, EU 22 and UK 23
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$55.2billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
23publicly known incidents affecting Indonesia, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
53 measures on this site have a recent figure for Indonesia.
| GDP | $1.45 tn | 2025 | 17th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $5,060 | 2025 | 118th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 5.1% | 2025 | 43rd of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 1.9% | 2025 | 115th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 41% | 2025 | 127th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −2.9% | 2025 | 109th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | −0.1% | 2025 | 78th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 3.2% | 2025 | 134th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $156 bn | 2024 | 20th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 43% | 2024 | 142nd of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $23 bn | 2025 | 21st of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 1.1% | 2024 | 108th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 286 m | 2025 | 4th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 281 m | 2023 | 4th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 2.13 | 2023 | 104th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 29.8 | 2023 | 129th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 71.1 | 2023 | 164th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 17,420 | 2025 | 71st of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 12,071 | 2025 | 109th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 0.0 | 2025 | 155th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 582 kb/d | 2025 | 25th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 1,633 kb/d | 2024 | 13th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 13th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 50.0 bcm | 2024 | 19th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 507 TWh | 2024 | 10th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 15% | 2024 | 142nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 68% | 2024 | 6th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 0.4% | 2024 | 164th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat imports | 12.1 Mt | 2024 | 2nd of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 15.1 Mt | 2024 | 9th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 1.8 Mt | 2024 | 28th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 35.6 Mt | 2024 | 4th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 4.5 Mt | 2024 | 2nd of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 29th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 2.7 Mt | 2024 | 11th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 1.96 Mt | 2024 | 5th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.58 Mt | 2024 | 14th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 812 Mt | 2024 | 6th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 2.9 t | 2024 | 114th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 17,420 Mt | 2024 | 20th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | −4.5% | 2023 | 102nd of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 2.7 | 2023 | 55th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 0% | 2023 | 125th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 1.0% | 2025 | 107th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $15 bn | 2025 | 25th of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 137 | 2025 | 35th of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 1,277 TIV m | 2025 | 7th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 20 | 2026 | 25th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| People using the internet | 73% | 2024 | 114th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $3.8 bn | 2024 | 40th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 9.6% | 2024 | 59th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 86 | 2026 | 38th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $763 m | 2021 | 15th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, Soybean production, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- USGS Mineral Commodity SummariesMinerals
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure