Refugees
1.4 mrefugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
155,563from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Pakistan
Pakistan has 255 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $407 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the soybeans it uses (FAOSTAT, 2024) and 83% of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 255 m (2025)
- Member of
- SCO (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$407billion40th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population255million5th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$1,596159th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP2.9% of GDP30th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person0.7t168th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Pakistan imports all of the soybeans it uses and 83% of the oil it uses; it exports maize.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 83% of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United States → Pakistan as reported by the exporter | United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, United States |
| Natural gas | Imports some | Imports 30% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | No partner data from the source |
| Wheat | Low net trade | Imports 8.9% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2020 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Russia, Romania, Ukraine |
| Maize | Exporter | Exports 13% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Oman (buyers) |
| Rice | Exporter | Exports 66% of what it produces EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Malaysia, Indonesia, Kenya (buyers) |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports all of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Brazil, United States, Togo |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports 88% of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Canada, Jordan, Vietnam |
| Phosphate | Imports some | Imports 48% of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | China, Morocco, Saudi Arabia |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: China, 80% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | China, Türkiye, Netherlands |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: China, 84% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | China, Singapore, South Korea |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 83% of the oil it uses
Main partners: United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, United States
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United States → Pakistan as reported by the exporter
- Natural gasImports some
Imports 30% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: No partner data from the source
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatLow net trade
Imports 8.9% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: Russia, Romania, Ukraine
FAOSTAT, use 2020 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeExporter
Exports 13% of what it produces
Main partners: Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Oman (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- RiceExporter
Exports 66% of what it produces Estimate
Main partners: Malaysia, Indonesia, Kenya (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports all of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Brazil, United States, Togo
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports 88% of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Canada, Jordan, Vietnam
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports some
Imports 48% of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: China, Morocco, Saudi Arabia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: China, 80% of imports
Main partners: China, Türkiye, Netherlands
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: China, 84% of imports
Main partners: China, Singapore, South Korea
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Pakistan’s economy produced $407 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth3.7%2025 · 82nd of 186 · World Bank
Inflation3.5%2025 · 70th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment5.4%2025 · 82nd of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$18.4billion2024 · 63rd of 164 · World Bank
Trade28% of GDP2024 · 165th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$1.85billion2025 · 72nd of 200 · World Bank
People
Pakistan had 255 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Pakistan’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman3.612023 · 43rd of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age20.32023 · 194th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over4.4%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Pakistan numbered 12 at the end of 2026.
Climate and hazards
Pakistan emitted 180 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Pakistan’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions180Mt2024 · 31st of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person0.7t2024 · 168th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 17505,740Mt2024 · 37th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress3.82023 · 31st of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Pakistan.
Sanctions
240entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 158, EU 41 and UK 41
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$103billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Nuclear weapons
170estimated warheads, early 2026
Source: FAS Status of World Nuclear ForcesFAS estimate, as of early 2026Estimate
Cyber incidents
69publicly known incidents affecting Pakistan, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
56 measures on this site have a recent figure for Pakistan.
| GDP | $407 bn | 2025 | 40th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $1,596 | 2025 | 159th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 3.7% | 2025 | 82nd of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 3.5% | 2025 | 70th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 73% | 2025 | 51st of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −5.4% | 2025 | 160th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 0.5% | 2025 | 73rd of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 5.4% | 2025 | 82nd of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $18 bn | 2024 | 63rd of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 28% | 2024 | 165th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $1.9 bn | 2025 | 72nd of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 9.4% | 2024 | 26th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 255 m | 2025 | 5th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 248 m | 2023 | 5th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 3.61 | 2023 | 43rd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 20.3 | 2023 | 194th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 67.6 | 2023 | 188th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 155,563 | 2025 | 35th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 1.4 m | 2025 | 9th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 5.6 | 2025 | 80th of 176 | UNHCR |
| People displaced inside the country | 3,439 | 2024 | 37th of 38 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 58 kb/d | 2025 | 50th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 479 kb/d | 2024 | 34th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 29th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 34.5 bcm | 2024 | 26th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 151 TWh | 2024 | 31st of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 56% | 2024 | 69th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 13% | 2024 | 49th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 15% | 2024 | 50th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 31.8 Mt | 2024 | 7th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 2.2 Mt | 2024 | 27th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 9.2 Mt | 2024 | 17th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 116th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 9.8 Mt | 2024 | 9th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 138th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 101st of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 1.0 Mt | 2024 | 22nd of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.05 Mt | 2024 | 57th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.99 Mt | 2024 | 8th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 180 Mt | 2024 | 31st of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 0.7 t | 2024 | 168th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 5,740 Mt | 2024 | 37th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 18% | 2023 | 69th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 3.8 | 2023 | 31st of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 78% | 2023 | 16th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 2.9% | 2025 | 30th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $12 bn | 2025 | 30th of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 3,331 | 2025 | 12th of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 706 TIV m | 2025 | 14th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 127 TIV m | 2025 | 21st of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 12 | 2026 | 33rd of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| People using the internet | 57% | 2024 | 140th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $3.6 bn | 2024 | 41st of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 45% | 2024 | 6th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 240 | 2026 | 17th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $13 bn | 2021 | 2nd of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000, Internally displaced
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- FAS Status of World Nuclear ForcesNuclear weapons
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure