Climate and hazards
How much CO2 from fossil fuels and cement each country emits at home and in what it imports, how much of its available water it draws and how much reaches it from abroad, and which large dams stand on disputed rivers. Each map shows one source’s own figures for each country, with the year or period they cover.
Maps in this topic
3 map views. Each opens on its main layer; the links on each card go straight to a layer.
under 6.5 Mt2,000 Mt+No data
EmissionsChina emitted 32% of the world’s CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024; the top three countries emitted 53%.
CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 2024
Open emissionsSource: Global Carbon Budget2024Updated 24 Oct 2026
Under 10%Over 80%No data
Water and dams25 of 164 countries are in WRI Aqueduct’s highest water-stress category (withdrawals above 80% of renewable supply), on its baseline for 1979–2019.
Water stress: share of available water withdrawn each year (low to extremely high)
Open water and damsSource: WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)2023Updated 25 Oct 2026
Under 10%Over 80%Not in this dispute
Disputed riversThe countries in the dispute over the Nile are Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt. Across Egypt, 98% of renewable water comes from other countries (FAO AQUASTAT, 2023); Global Dam Watch lists 14 large dams on the river and its main tributaries in these countries.
Water stress in the countries that dispute the river
Open disputed riversSource: WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0); FAO AQUASTAT; Global Dam Watch2023Updated 25 Oct 2026
Tools for this topic
Explorer
Compare any measures in a table, over time or as a scatter
Countries and rankings for this topic
Country pages
The United States, China and Russia, then the countries ranked first on most of this topic’s maps of world shares, volumes and counts.
- United StatesFirst on CO2 emitted since 1750
- ChinaFirst on CO2 emissions
- RussiaIn the top three on 1 of this topic’s maps
Indicator rankings
- CO2 emissions2024 · Top 3: China, United States, India
- CO2 per person, tonnes2024 · Top 3: Qatar, Kuwait, Brunei
- CO2 emitted since 17502024 · Top 3: United States, China, Russia
- Net CO2 imports through trade, % of emissions inside the country2023 · Top 3: Malta, Hong Kong, Switzerland
- Water stress, score from 0 to 52023 · Tied first at 5.0: Bahrain, Cyprus, Kuwait, Lebanon and 4 more
- Water from abroad, % of renewable water2023 · Top 3: Kuwait, Egypt, Turkmenistan
Sources for this topic: Global Carbon Budget; WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0); FAO AQUASTAT; Global Dam WatchHow we measureAll sources