Russia exports 40% of the wheat it produces (FAOSTAT, 2024) and an estimated 93% of the potash (a potassium fertiliser) it produces (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated). Its mines produce an estimated 43% of the world's palladium (USGS, 2025). Iran is the main supplier of Russia's major arms imports, at 51% (SIPRI, 2021–2025). Russia has 143.5 million people and a GDP of $2.56 trillion (World Bank, 2025).
Drafted with AI from cited sources and reviewed by the editorBoundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
Russia exports oil.
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Exporter | Exports 64% of what it producesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | China, India, Slovakia (buyers) |
| Natural gas | Exporter | Exports 22% of what it produces PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | China, Kazakhstan, Japan (buyers) |
| Wheat | Exporter | Exports 40% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Türkiye, Egypt, Kazakhstan (buyers) |
| Maize | Exporter | Exports 17% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Türkiye, Israel, Latvia (buyers) |
| Rice | Imports some | Imports 17% of the rice it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | No partner data from the source |
| Soybeans | Low net trade | Imports 8.4% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | No partner data from the source |
| Potash | Exporter | Exports 93% of what it produces EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | Brazil, China, Indonesia (buyers) |
| Phosphate | Exporter | Exports 74% of what it produces EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | Brazil, India, South Africa (buyers) |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Iran, 51% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Iran, North Korea, China |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Not reported by this sourceUN Comtrade, 2025 | – |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
Exports 64% of what it produces
Main partners: China, India, Slovakia (buyers)
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
Exports 22% of what it produces Preliminary
Main partners: China, Kazakhstan, Japan (buyers)
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
Exports 40% of what it produces
Main partners: Türkiye, Egypt, Kazakhstan (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
Exports 17% of what it produces
Main partners: Türkiye, Israel, Latvia (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
Imports 17% of the rice it uses Estimate
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
Imports 8.4% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
Exports 93% of what it produces Estimate
Main partners: Brazil, China, Indonesia (buyers)
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
Exports 74% of what it produces Estimate
Main partners: Brazil, India, South Africa (buyers)
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
Main supplier: Iran, 51% of imports
Main partners: Iran, North Korea, China
SIPRI, 2021–2025
Not reported by this source
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRIyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolRussia mines 43% of the world’s palladium (USGS, 2025, estimated).
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries2025, estimatedUpdated 13 Nov 2026Estimate
Critical minerals mapRussia’s economy produced $2.56 tn in 2025.
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Russia had 144 m people in 2025.
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Satellites owned in Russia numbered 1,714 at the end of 2026.
Russia emitted 1,781 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
Shown only where a source covers Russia.
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Source: FAS Status of World Nuclear ForcesFAS estimate, as of early 2026Estimate
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
55 measures on this site have a recent figure for Russia.
| GDP | $2.56 tn | 2025 | 8th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $17,847 | 2025 | 63rd of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 1.0% | 2025 | 160th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 8.7% | 2025 | 21st of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 17% | 2025 | 178th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −3.9% | 2025 | 133rd of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 1.5% | 2025 | 64th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 2.1% | 2025 | 164th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $608 bn | 2024 | 6th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 39% | 2024 | 158th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $11 bn | 2025 | 37th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 0.1% | 2024 | 149th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 144 m | 2025 | 9th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 145 m | 2023 | 9th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.45 | 2023 | 182nd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 39.5 | 2023 | 60th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 73.2 | 2023 | 139th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 187,670 | 2025 | 29th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 9,885 kb/d | 2025 | 2nd of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 3,802 kb/d | 2024 | 4th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 2nd of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 499.8 bcm | 2024 | 2nd of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 1,209 TWh | 2024 | 4th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 36% | 2024 | 96th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 17% | 2024 | 40th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 0.6% | 2024 | 152nd of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 82.6 Mt | 2024 | 3rd of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 147th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 14.0 Mt | 2024 | 11th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 143rd of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.8 Mt | 2024 | 39th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 61st of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 7.0 Mt | 2024 | 8th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 1.4 Mt | 2024 | 18th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.54 Mt | 2024 | 10th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.77 Mt | 2024 | 9th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 1,781 Mt | 2024 | 4th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 12.3 t | 2024 | 19th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 122,808 Mt | 2024 | 3rd of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | −19% | 2023 | 112th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 1.2 | 2023 | 101st of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 5% | 2023 | 102nd of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 7.5% | 2025 | 4th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $190 bn | 2025 | 3rd of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 4,433 | 2025 | 8th of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 129 TIV m | 2025 | 43rd of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 1,886 TIV m | 2025 | 6th of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 1,714 | 2026 | 2nd of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Orbital launches | 14 | 2026 | 4th of 9 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | 0.1% | 2025 | 21st of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 94% | 2024 | 32nd of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $2.4 bn | 2024 | 48th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 5.5% | 2024 | 91st of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 9,021 | 2026 | 1st of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $7.5 bn | 2021 | 4th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Coverage notes. Crimea: under Russian control since 2014, within Ukraine's internationally recognised borders; other areas of Ukraine under Russian control since 2022. Figures follow each source. (EuRepoC cyber incidents). UCDP's event records place events in Crimea and Sevastopol in Ukraine, not Russia (UCDP).
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure