Refugees
253,718refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
223,731from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
India
India has 1.46 bn people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $3.96 tn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated) and 83% of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 1.46 bn (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$3.96trillion6th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population1.46billion1st of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$2,702144th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP2.3% of GDP43rd of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person2.2t129th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
India imports all of its potash supply and 83% of the oil it uses.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 83% of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Russia, Iraq, Saudi Arabia |
| Natural gas | Imports some | Imports 49% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Qatar, United States, United Arab Emirates |
| Wheat | Low net trade | Imports <0.1% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Australia, Ukraine |
| Maize | Low net trade | Imports 1% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | South Africa, Argentina |
| Rice | Low net trade | Exports 12% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Thailand, Italy, Spain |
| Soybeans | Low net trade | Imports 3.7% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Togo, Niger, Mozambique |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Russia, Turkmenistan, Canada |
| Phosphate | Imports some | Imports 34% of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Russia |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Russia, 40% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Russia, France, Israel |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: China, 41% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | China, Taiwan, South Korea |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 83% of the oil it uses
Main partners: Russia, Iraq, Saudi Arabia
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasImports some
Imports 49% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Qatar, United States, United Arab Emirates
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatLow net trade
Imports <0.1% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: Australia, Ukraine
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeLow net trade
Imports 1% of the maize it uses
Main partners: South Africa, Argentina
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceLow net trade
Exports 12% of what it produces
Main partners: Thailand, Italy, Spain
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansLow net trade
Imports 3.7% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Togo, Niger, Mozambique
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Russia, Turkmenistan, Canada
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports some
Imports 34% of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Russia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Russia, 40% of imports
Main partners: Russia, France, Israel
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: China, 41% of imports
Main partners: China, Taiwan, South Korea
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
India’s economy produced $3.96 tn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth7.6%2025 · 13th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation2.4%2025 · 97th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment4.2%2025 · 111th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$643billion2024 · 5th of 164 · World Bank
Trade46% of GDP2024 · 138th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$40.8billion2025 · 14th of 200 · World Bank
US Treasury securities held
US Treasury securities heldUS$220bn2026-08; US$219bn a year earlier
Source: US Treasury TIC2026-08Updated 13 Nov 2026
People
India had 1.46 bn people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
India’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.982023 · 117th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age28.12023 · 147th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over7.4%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in India numbered 122 at the end of 2026.
Climate and hazards
India emitted 3,193 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
India’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions3,193Mt2024 · 3rd of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person2.2t2024 · 129th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175066,073Mt2024 · 7th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress4.12023 · 24th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers India.
Sanctions
177entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 157, EU 5 and UK 15
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$10.7billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Nuclear weapons
190estimated warheads, early 2026
Source: FAS Status of World Nuclear ForcesFAS estimate, as of early 2026Estimate
Cyber incidents
132publicly known incidents affecting India, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
57 measures on this site have a recent figure for India.
| GDP | $3.96 tn | 2025 | 6th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $2,702 | 2025 | 144th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 7.6% | 2025 | 13th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 2.4% | 2025 | 97th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | Estimate | 2025 | 37th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | Estimate | 2025 | 178th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | −0.7% | 2025 | 89th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 4.2% | 2025 | 111th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $643 bn | 2024 | 5th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 46% | 2024 | 138th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $41 bn | 2025 | 14th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 3.7% | 2024 | 57th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 1.46 bn | 2025 | 1st of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 1.44 bn | 2023 | 1st of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.98 | 2023 | 117th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 28.1 | 2023 | 147th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 72.0 | 2023 | 153rd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 223,731 | 2025 | 27th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 253,718 | 2025 | 38th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 0.2 | 2025 | 141st of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 581 kb/d | 2025 | 26th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 5,599 kb/d | 2024 | 3rd of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 21st of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 71.2 bcm | 2024 | 11th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 2,035 TWh | 2024 | 3rd of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 22% | 2024 | 122nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 75% | 2024 | 5th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 11% | 2024 | 70th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 113.3 Mt | 2024 | 2nd of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 111th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 40.2 Mt | 2024 | 5th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.9 Mt | 2024 | 42nd of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 146.0 Mt | 2024 | 1st of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 158th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 15.1 Mt | 2024 | 5th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.6 Mt | 2024 | 28th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 2.38 Mt | 2024 | 4th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 8.40 Mt | 2024 | 2nd of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 3,193 Mt | 2024 | 3rd of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 2.2 t | 2024 | 129th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 66,073 Mt | 2024 | 7th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | −17% | 2023 | 110th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 4.1 | 2023 | 24th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 31% | 2023 | 59th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 2.3% | 2025 | 43rd of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $92 bn | 2025 | 5th of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 623 | 2025 | 22nd of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 2,864 TIV m | 2025 | 2nd of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 81 TIV m | 2025 | 27th of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 122 | 2026 | 7th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Orbital launches | 3 | 2026 | 6th of 9 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | 0.3% | 2025 | 16th of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 65% | 2024 | 130th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $178 bn | 2024 | 2nd of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 47% | 2024 | 4th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 177 | 2026 | 20th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $102 m | 2020 | 41st of 130 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit, Orbital launches
- Epoch AIAI compute share
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- FAS Status of World Nuclear ForcesNuclear weapons
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure