Refugees
345,711refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
367,558from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Iraq
Iraq has 47 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $254 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 47 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$254billion53rd of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population47million34th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$5,410114th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP2.4% of GDP39th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person5.1t67th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Iraq imports all of its potash supply; it exports oil.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Exporter | Exports 77% of what it producesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | China, India, South Korea (buyers) |
| Natural gas | Imports some | Imports 44% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | No partner data from the source |
| Wheat | Low net trade | Imports 14% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | No partner data from the source |
| Maize | Imports most | Imports 66% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | No partner data from the source |
| Rice | Imports most | Imports 93% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | No partner data from the source |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports all of the soybeans it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, 2023 | No partner data from the source |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | No partner data from the source |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | No partner data from the source |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: France, 59% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | France, United States, Bulgaria |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Not reported by this sourceUN Comtrade, 2025 | – |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilExporter
Exports 77% of what it produces
Main partners: China, India, South Korea (buyers)
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
- Natural gasImports some
Imports 44% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: No partner data from the source
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatLow net trade
Imports 14% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports most
Imports 66% of the maize it uses
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceImports most
Imports 93% of the rice it uses
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports all of the soybeans it uses Estimate
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: France, 59% of imports
Main partners: France, United States, Bulgaria
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Not reported by this source
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRIyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Iraq’s economy produced $254 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth−2.2%2025 · 183rd of 186 · World Bank
Inflation0.3%2025 · 151st of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment15.5%2025 · 14th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$101billion2024 · 28th of 164 · World Bank
Trade77% of GDP2024 · 96th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment in−US$7.62billion2025 · 196th of 200 · World Bank
People
Iraq had 47 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Iraq’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman3.252023 · 51st of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age20.32023 · 192nd of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over3.4%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Iraq numbered 1 at the end of 2026.
Climate and hazards
Iraq emitted 234 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Iraq’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions234Mt2024 · 27th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person5.1t2024 · 67th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 17505,351Mt2024 · 41st of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress4.12023 · 23rd of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Iraq.
Sanctions
358entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 193, EU 75 and UK 90
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$17.2billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
10publicly known incidents affecting Iraq, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
54 measures on this site have a recent figure for Iraq.
| GDP | $254 bn | 2025 | 53rd of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $5,410 | 2025 | 114th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | −2.2% | 2025 | 183rd of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 0.3% | 2025 | 151st of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 53% | 2025 | 98th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −6.2% | 2025 | 169th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | −3.8% | 2025 | 128th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 15.5% | 2025 | 14th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $101 bn | 2024 | 28th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 77% | 2024 | 96th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | −$7.6 bn | 2025 | 196th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 0.2% | 2024 | 134th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 47 m | 2025 | 34th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 45 m | 2023 | 35th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 3.25 | 2023 | 51st of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 20.3 | 2023 | 192nd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 72.3 | 2023 | 149th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 367,558 | 2025 | 18th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 345,711 | 2025 | 33rd of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 7.4 | 2025 | 71st of 176 | UNHCR |
| People displaced inside the country | 997,334 | 2025 | 16th of 38 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 4,388 kb/d | 2025 | 5th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 1,065 kb/d | 2024 | 22nd of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 42nd of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 18.3 bcm | 2024 | 41st of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 150 TWh | 2024 | 32nd of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 1.6% | 2024 | 180th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 0% | 2024 | 82nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 0.3% | 2024 | 167th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 5.2 Mt | 2024 | 26th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.9 Mt | 2024 | 51st of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 0.5 Mt | 2024 | 79th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 1.0 Mt | 2024 | 41st of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 63rd of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 2.1 Mt | 2024 | 3rd of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 97th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.7 Mt | 2024 | 24th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.00 Mt | 2024 | 104th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.08 Mt | 2024 | 42nd of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 234 Mt | 2024 | 27th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 5.1 t | 2024 | 67th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 5,351 Mt | 2024 | 41st of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 4.1 | 2023 | 23rd of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 61% | 2023 | 32nd of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 2.4% | 2025 | 39th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $6.4 bn | 2025 | 39th of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 137 | 2025 | 35th of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 55 TIV m | 2025 | 57th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 1 | 2026 | 64th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| People using the internet | 81% | 2024 | 96th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $92 m | 2024 | 104th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 0.9% | 2024 | 142nd of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 358 | 2026 | 13th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $2.4 bn | 2021 | 7th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000, Internally displaced
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure