Refugees
427,058refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
841from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Italy
Italy has 59 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $2.55 tn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated) and 96% of the gas it uses (EIA, 2024, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 59 m (2025)
- Member of
- G7, G20, European Union, NATO, OECD (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$2.55trillion9th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population59million25th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$43,30926th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP1.9% of GDP67th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person5.1t66th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Italy imports all of its potash supply and 96% of the gas it uses; it exports rice.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 89% of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Libya, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports 96% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Algeria, Azerbaijan, United States |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 60% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Hungary, Canada, France |
| Maize | Imports most | Imports 60% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Ukraine, Slovenia, Hungary |
| Rice | Exporter | Exports 43% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Germany, France, United Kingdom (buyers) |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports 69% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Brazil, United States, Canada |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Canada, Israel, Germany |
| Phosphate | Imports some | Imports 43% of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Morocco, Tunisia, Russia |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: United States, 93% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | United States, France, Germany |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Germany, 25% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Germany, Netherlands, France |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 89% of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Libya, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasImports most
Imports 96% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Algeria, Azerbaijan, United States
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatImports most
Imports 60% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: Hungary, Canada, France
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports most
Imports 60% of the maize it uses
Main partners: Ukraine, Slovenia, Hungary
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceExporter
Exports 43% of what it produces
Main partners: Germany, France, United Kingdom (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports 69% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Brazil, United States, Canada
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Canada, Israel, Germany
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports some
Imports 43% of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Morocco, Tunisia, Russia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: United States, 93% of imports
Main partners: United States, France, Germany
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Germany, 25% of imports
Main partners: Germany, Netherlands, France
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Italy’s economy produced $2.55 tn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth0.5%2025 · 170th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation1.5%2025 · 122nd of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment6.4%2025 · 66th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$291billion2024 · 12th of 164 · World Bank
Trade63% of GDP2024 · 114th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$883million2025 · 101st of 200 · World Bank
People
Italy had 59 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Italy’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.202023 · 221st of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age47.52023 · 6th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over25%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Italy numbered 102 at the end of 2026.
AI compute share0.5%2025 · 10th of 36 · Epoch AI
Notable AI models12013 · Epoch AI
Climate and hazards
Italy emitted 302 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Italy’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions302Mt2024 · 19th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person5.1t2024 · 66th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175026,006Mt2024 · 12th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress3.32023 · 41st of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Italy.
Sanctions
93entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 73, EU 10 and UK 10
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Cyber incidents
79publicly known incidents affecting Italy, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
54 measures on this site have a recent figure for Italy.
| GDP | $2.55 tn | 2025 | 9th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $43,309 | 2025 | 26th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 0.5% | 2025 | 170th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 1.5% | 2025 | 122nd of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 137% | 2025 | 8th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −3.1% | 2025 | 113th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 1.1% | 2025 | 68th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 6.4% | 2025 | 66th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $291 bn | 2024 | 12th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 63% | 2024 | 114th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $883 m | 2025 | 101st of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 0.5% | 2024 | 124th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 59 m | 2025 | 25th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 59 m | 2023 | 25th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.20 | 2023 | 221st of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 47.5 | 2023 | 6th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 83.7 | 2023 | 12th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 841 | 2025 | 133rd of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 427,058 | 2025 | 30th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 7.2 | 2025 | 73rd of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 84 kb/d | 2025 | 45th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 1,254 kb/d | 2024 | 19th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 55th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 62.6 bcm | 2024 | 12th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 268 TWh | 2024 | 21st of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 50% | 2024 | 76th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 1.5% | 2024 | 71st of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 22% | 2024 | 34th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 6.2 Mt | 2024 | 23rd of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 9.4 Mt | 2024 | 4th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 4.9 Mt | 2024 | 26th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 7.4 Mt | 2024 | 8th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 1.0 Mt | 2024 | 35th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.3 Mt | 2024 | 46th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 1.1 Mt | 2024 | 14th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 2.5 Mt | 2024 | 12th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.14 Mt | 2024 | 29th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.10 Mt | 2024 | 39th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 302 Mt | 2024 | 19th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 5.1 t | 2024 | 66th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 26,006 Mt | 2024 | 12th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 37% | 2023 | 39th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 3.3 | 2023 | 41st of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 5% | 2023 | 103rd of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 1.9% | 2025 | 67th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $48 bn | 2025 | 12th of 150 | World Bank |
| Arms imports | 566 TIV m | 2025 | 18th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 1,927 TIV m | 2025 | 5th of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 102 | 2026 | 9th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | 0.5% | 2025 | 10th of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 89% | 2024 | 62nd of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $9.1 bn | 2024 | 24th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 5.9% | 2024 | 87th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 93 | 2026 | 34th of 181 | US CSL |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- Epoch AIAI compute share
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure