Refugees
333,597refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
338from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Netherlands
The Netherlands has 18 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $1.33 tn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the rice it uses (FAOSTAT, 2024) and 90% of the oil it uses (EIA, 2025, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 18 m (2025)
- Member of
- European Union, NATO, OECD (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$1.33trillion18th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population18million71st of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$73,68410th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP2.2% of GDP48th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person6.3t46th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
The Netherlands imports all of the rice it uses and 90% of the oil it uses; it exports phosphate.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 90% of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | United States, Kazakhstan, Norway |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports 70% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Belgium → Netherlands and Norway → Netherlands as reported by the exporter | United States, Belgium, Norway |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 87% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Germany, France, Belgium |
| Maize | Imports most | Imports 98% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Ukraine, Poland, France |
| Rice | Imports most | Imports all of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | India, Myanmar, Pakistan |
| Soybeans | Not reported by this source | – | |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | United Kingdom, Israel, Germany |
| Phosphate | Exporter | Exports exceed recorded supply EstimateGoods passing through, or changes in stocks, can cause this; FAOSTAT’s figures do not show whichFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | France, Belgium, Germany (buyers) |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: United States, 89% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | United States, Romania, Sweden |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Malaysia, 26% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Malaysia, Germany, China |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 90% of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: United States, Kazakhstan, Norway
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasImports most
Imports 70% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: United States, Belgium, Norway
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Belgium → Netherlands and Norway → Netherlands as reported by the exporter
- WheatImports most
Imports 87% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: Germany, France, Belgium
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports most
Imports 98% of the maize it uses
Main partners: Ukraine, Poland, France
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceImports most
Imports all of the rice it uses
Main partners: India, Myanmar, Pakistan
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- Soybeans
Not reported by this source
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: United Kingdom, Israel, Germany
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateExporter
Exports exceed recorded supply Estimate
Goods passing through, or changes in stocks, can cause this; FAOSTAT’s figures do not show which
Main partners: France, Belgium, Germany (buyers)
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: United States, 89% of imports
Main partners: United States, Romania, Sweden
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Malaysia, 26% of imports
Main partners: Malaysia, Germany, China
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
The Netherlands’ economy produced $1.33 tn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth1.8%2025 · 141st of 186 · World Bank
Inflation3.2%2025 · 83rd of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment3.9%2025 · 115th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$79.1billion2024 · 34th of 164 · World Bank
Trade154% of GDP2024 · 17th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$4.02billion2025 · 52nd of 200 · World Bank
People
The Netherlands had 18 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
The Netherlands’ population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.432023 · 190th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age41.42023 · 46th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over21%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in the Netherlands numbered 13 at the end of 2026.
AI compute share0.1%2025 · 27th of 36 · Epoch AI
Notable AI models22023 · Epoch AI
Climate and hazards
The Netherlands emitted 115 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
The Netherlands’ CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions115Mt2024 · 40th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person6.3t2024 · 46th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175012,262Mt2024 · 26th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress1.62023 · 89th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers the Netherlands.
Sanctions
58entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 52, EU 1 and UK 5
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Cyber incidents
45publicly known incidents affecting the Netherlands, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
53 measures on this site have a recent figure for the Netherlands.
| GDP | $1.33 tn | 2025 | 18th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $73,684 | 2025 | 10th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 1.8% | 2025 | 141st of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 3.2% | 2025 | 83rd of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 45% | 2025 | 118th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −1.6% | 2025 | 69th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 7.6% | 2025 | 26th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 3.9% | 2025 | 115th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $79 bn | 2024 | 34th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 154% | 2024 | 17th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $4.0 bn | 2025 | 52nd of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 0.4% | 2024 | 128th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 18 m | 2025 | 71st of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 18 m | 2023 | 70th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.43 | 2023 | 190th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 41.4 | 2023 | 46th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 82.2 | 2023 | 34th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 338 | 2025 | 152nd of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 333,597 | 2025 | 34th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 18.4 | 2025 | 38th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 21 kb/d | 2025 | 64th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 854 kb/d | 2024 | 26th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 44th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 31.8 bcm | 2024 | 27th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 122 TWh | 2024 | 34th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 54% | 2024 | 73rd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 6.1% | 2024 | 55th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 45% | 2024 | 6th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 0.7 Mt | 2024 | 59th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 4.6 Mt | 2024 | 17th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 100th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 5.3 Mt | 2024 | 10th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 116th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.4 Mt | 2024 | 34th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 3.6 Mt | 2024 | 8th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.06 Mt | 2024 | 48th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.02 Mt | 2024 | 89th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 115 Mt | 2024 | 40th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 6.3 t | 2024 | 46th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 12,262 Mt | 2024 | 26th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 28% | 2023 | 53rd of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 1.6 | 2023 | 89th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 88% | 2023 | 10th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 2.2% | 2025 | 48th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $29 bn | 2025 | 19th of 150 | World Bank |
| Arms imports | 825 TIV m | 2025 | 12th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 601 TIV m | 2025 | 10th of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 13 | 2026 | 29th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | 0.1% | 2025 | 27th of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 97% | 2024 | 17th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $29 bn | 2024 | 9th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 9.5% | 2024 | 63rd of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 58 | 2026 | 47th of 181 | US CSL |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- Epoch AIAI compute share
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure