Refugees
3.0 mrefugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
953from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Germany
Germany has 83 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $5.05 tn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the rice it uses (FAOSTAT, 2024) and 95% of the gas it uses (EIA, 2024, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 83 m (2025)
- Member of
- G7, G20, European Union, NATO, OECD (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$5.05trillion3rd of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population83million19th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$60,49616th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP2.3% of GDP46th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person6.8t43rd of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Germany imports all of the rice it uses and 95% of the gas it uses; it exports potash.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 91% of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Norway, United States, Libya |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports 95% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Norway → Germany, Belgium → Germany and United States → Germany as reported by the exporter | Norway, Belgium, United States |
| Wheat | Low net trade | Exports 5% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Czechia, Poland, France |
| Maize | Imports some | Imports 31% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Poland, Ukraine, France |
| Rice | Imports most | Imports all of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Italy, Netherlands, Belgium |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports 97% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United States, Netherlands, Ukraine |
| Potash | Exporter | Exports 84% of what it produces EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | Brazil, Poland, France (buyers) |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports 57% of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Morocco, Belgium, Russia |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Israel, 55% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Israel, United States, Sweden |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Taiwan, 23% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Taiwan, Malaysia, China |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 91% of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Norway, United States, Libya
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasImports most
Imports 95% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Norway, Belgium, United States
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Norway → Germany, Belgium → Germany and United States → Germany as reported by the exporter
- WheatLow net trade
Exports 5% of what it produces
Main partners: Czechia, Poland, France
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports some
Imports 31% of the maize it uses
Main partners: Poland, Ukraine, France
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceImports most
Imports all of the rice it uses
Main partners: Italy, Netherlands, Belgium
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports 97% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: United States, Netherlands, Ukraine
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashExporter
Exports 84% of what it produces Estimate
Main partners: Brazil, Poland, France (buyers)
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports 57% of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Morocco, Belgium, Russia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Israel, 55% of imports
Main partners: Israel, United States, Sweden
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Taiwan, 23% of imports
Main partners: Taiwan, Malaysia, China
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Germany’s economy produced $5.05 tn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth0.2%2025 · 174th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation2.2%2025 · 108th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment3.7%2025 · 119th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$378billion2024 · 10th of 164 · World Bank
Trade79% of GDP2024 · 93rd of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$95.2billion2025 · 4th of 200 · World Bank
People
Germany had 83 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Germany’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.442023 · 186th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age45.12023 · 15th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over24%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Germany numbered 105 at the end of 2026.
AI compute share1.7%2025 · 3rd of 36 · Epoch AI
Notable AI models12024 · Epoch AI
Climate and hazards
Germany emitted 572 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Germany’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions572Mt2024 · 10th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person6.8t2024 · 43rd of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175095,136Mt2024 · 4th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress2.02023 · 69th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Germany.
Sanctions
137entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 113, EU 12 and UK 12
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Cyber incidents
168publicly known incidents affecting Germany, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
55 measures on this site have a recent figure for Germany.
| GDP | $5.05 tn | 2025 | 3rd of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $60,496 | 2025 | 16th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 0.2% | 2025 | 174th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 2.2% | 2025 | 108th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 63% | 2025 | 70th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −2.9% | 2025 | 108th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 4.5% | 2025 | 43rd of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 3.7% | 2025 | 119th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $378 bn | 2024 | 10th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 79% | 2024 | 93rd of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $95 bn | 2025 | 4th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 0.5% | 2024 | 125th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 83 m | 2025 | 19th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 85 m | 2023 | 19th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.44 | 2023 | 186th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 45.1 | 2023 | 15th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 81.4 | 2023 | 45th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 953 | 2025 | 128th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 3.0 m | 2025 | 2nd of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 35.4 | 2025 | 17th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 32 kb/d | 2025 | 55th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 2,040 kb/d | 2024 | 10th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 50th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 77.7 bcm | 2024 | 9th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 492 TWh | 2024 | 11th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 58% | 2024 | 66th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 22% | 2024 | 34th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 43% | 2024 | 7th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 18.5 Mt | 2024 | 12th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 6.1 Mt | 2024 | 9th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 5.0 Mt | 2024 | 24th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 2.7 Mt | 2024 | 20th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 116th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.4 Mt | 2024 | 38th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 40th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 3.7 Mt | 2024 | 7th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.34 Mt | 2024 | 18th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.14 Mt | 2024 | 31st of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 572 Mt | 2024 | 10th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 6.8 t | 2024 | 43rd of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 95,136 Mt | 2024 | 4th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 29% | 2023 | 48th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 2.0 | 2023 | 69th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 31% | 2023 | 60th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 2.3% | 2025 | 46th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $114 bn | 2025 | 4th of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 3 | 2024 | 52nd of 62 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 1,633 TIV m | 2025 | 6th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 1,694 TIV m | 2025 | 7th of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 105 | 2026 | 8th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | 1.7% | 2025 | 3rd of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 93% | 2024 | 40th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $55 bn | 2024 | 6th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 11% | 2024 | 48th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 137 | 2026 | 24th of 181 | US CSL |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- Epoch AIAI compute share
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure