Refugees
396,552refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
952from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Czechia
Czechia has 11 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $391 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the rice it uses (FAOSTAT, 2024) and 97% of the gas it uses (EIA, 2024, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 11 m (2025)
- Member of
- European Union, NATO, OECD (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$391billion41st of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population11million88th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$35,91733rd of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP1.8% of GDP71st of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person7.0t41st of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Czechia imports all of the rice it uses and 97% of the gas it uses; it exports wheat.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 95% of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Azerbaijan, Norway, Kazakhstan |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports 97% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Norway, Luxembourg, France |
| Wheat | Exporter | Exports 66% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Germany, Austria, Poland (buyers) |
| Maize | Low net trade | Imports 1.9% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Poland, Ukraine, Slovakia |
| Rice | Imports most | Imports all of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Italy, Belgium, Myanmar |
| Soybeans | Low net trade | Imports 6.8% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Germany, Ukraine, Slovakia |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Germany → Czechia as reported by the exporter | Germany, Canada, Russia |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Russia, Germany, Egypt |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: United States, 36% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | United States, Israel, Germany |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Malaysia, 27% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Malaysia, China, Costa Rica |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 95% of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Azerbaijan, Norway, Kazakhstan
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasImports most
Imports 97% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Norway, Luxembourg, France
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatExporter
Exports 66% of what it produces
Main partners: Germany, Austria, Poland (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- MaizeLow net trade
Imports 1.9% of the maize it uses
Main partners: Poland, Ukraine, Slovakia
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceImports most
Imports all of the rice it uses
Main partners: Italy, Belgium, Myanmar
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansLow net trade
Imports 6.8% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Germany, Ukraine, Slovakia
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Germany, Canada, Russia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Germany → Czechia as reported by the exporter
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Russia, Germany, Egypt
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: United States, 36% of imports
Main partners: United States, Israel, Germany
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Malaysia, 27% of imports
Main partners: Malaysia, China, Costa Rica
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Czechia’s economy produced $391 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth2.6%2025 · 119th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation2.5%2025 · 95th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment2.8%2025 · 148th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$146billion2024 · 22nd of 164 · World Bank
Trade131% of GDP2024 · 33rd of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$10.5billion2025 · 38th of 200 · World Bank
People
Czechia had 11 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Czechia’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.452023 · 183rd of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age42.72023 · 34th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over21%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Czechia numbered 7 at the end of 2026.
AI compute share<0.1%2025 · 31st of 36 · Epoch AI
Notable AI models12017 · Epoch AI
Climate and hazards
Czechia emitted 75.6 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Czechia’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions76Mt2024 · 47th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person7.0t2024 · 41st of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175012,332Mt2024 · 25th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress1.82023 · 76th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Czechia.
Sanctions
9entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 5 and EU 4
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Cyber incidents
18publicly known incidents affecting Czechia, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
54 measures on this site have a recent figure for Czechia.
| GDP | $391 bn | 2025 | 41st of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $35,917 | 2025 | 33rd of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 2.6% | 2025 | 119th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 2.5% | 2025 | 95th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 44% | 2025 | 119th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −2.1% | 2025 | 86th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 0.7% | 2025 | 71st of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 2.8% | 2025 | 148th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $146 bn | 2024 | 22nd of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 131% | 2024 | 33rd of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $11 bn | 2025 | 38th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 1.3% | 2024 | 99th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 11 m | 2025 | 88th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 11 m | 2023 | 87th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.45 | 2023 | 183rd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 42.7 | 2023 | 34th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 79.8 | 2023 | 58th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 952 | 2025 | 129th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 396,552 | 2025 | 31st of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 36.4 | 2025 | 16th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 1 kb/d | 2025 | 86th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 224 kb/d | 2024 | 52nd of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 74th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 6.7 bcm | 2024 | 55th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 73 TWh | 2024 | 48th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 58% | 2024 | 67th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 36% | 2024 | 24th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 5.9% | 2024 | 97th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 4.6 Mt | 2024 | 28th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 110th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 0.7 Mt | 2024 | 70th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.3 Mt | 2024 | 60th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 116th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 84th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 45th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 59th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.02 Mt | 2024 | 79th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.04 Mt | 2024 | 59th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 76 Mt | 2024 | 47th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 7.0 t | 2024 | 41st of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 12,332 Mt | 2024 | 25th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 20% | 2023 | 64th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 1.8 | 2023 | 76th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 0% | 2023 | 125th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 1.8% | 2025 | 71st of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $7.1 bn | 2025 | 38th of 150 | World Bank |
| Arms imports | 19 TIV m | 2025 | 75th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 137 TIV m | 2025 | 18th of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 7 | 2026 | 41st of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | <0.1% | 2025 | 31st of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 88% | 2024 | 71st of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $7.6 bn | 2024 | 27th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 18% | 2024 | 28th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 9 | 2026 | 114th of 181 | US CSL |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- Epoch AIAI compute share
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure