Refugees
13,334refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
20from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Luxembourg
Luxembourg has 686,970 people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $101 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the oil it uses (EIA, 2025, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 686,970 (2025)
- Member of
- European Union, NATO, OECD (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$101billion74th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population686,970166th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$147,2521st of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP0.9% of GDP121st of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person10.5t24th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Luxembourg imports all of the oil it uses.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports all of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Belgium, Netherlands, Germany |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports all of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Belgium → Luxembourg and Greece → Luxembourg as reported by the exporter | Belgium, Greece, France |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 66% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | France, Netherlands, Germany |
| Maize | Imports most | Imports 66% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | France, Germany, Netherlands |
| Rice | Imports most | Imports all of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Belgium, France, Portugal |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports 94% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Belgium, France |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | France, Belgium, Germany |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Germany, France, Belgium |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Switzerland, 80% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Switzerland, France |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Germany, 51% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Germany, China, South Korea |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports all of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Belgium, Netherlands, Germany
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasImports most
Imports all of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Belgium, Greece, France
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Belgium → Luxembourg and Greece → Luxembourg as reported by the exporter
- WheatImports most
Imports 66% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: France, Netherlands, Germany
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports most
Imports 66% of the maize it uses
Main partners: France, Germany, Netherlands
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceImports most
Imports all of the rice it uses
Main partners: Belgium, France, Portugal
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports 94% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Belgium, France
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: France, Belgium, Germany
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Germany, France, Belgium
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Switzerland, 80% of imports
Main partners: Switzerland, France
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Germany, 51% of imports
Main partners: Germany, China, South Korea
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Luxembourg’s economy produced $101 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth0.6%2025 · 166th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation2.3%2025 · 105th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment6.3%2025 · 67th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$2.79billion2024 · 113th of 164 · World Bank
Trade351% of GDP2024 · 2nd of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment in−US$33.1billion2025 · 199th of 200 · World Bank
US Treasury securities held
US Treasury securities heldUS$448bn2026-08; US$411bn a year earlier
Source: US Treasury TIC2026-08Updated 13 Nov 2026
People
Luxembourg had 686,970 people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Luxembourg’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.402023 · 195th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age38.92023 · 65th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over16%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Luxembourg numbered 80 at the end of 2026.
AI compute share<0.1%2025 · 30th of 36 · Epoch AI
Climate and hazards
Luxembourg emitted 7.0 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Luxembourg’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions7Mt2024 · 124th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person10.5t2024 · 24th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 1750783Mt2024 · 91st of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress2.92023 · 50th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Luxembourg.
Sanctions
9entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 8 and UK 1
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Cyber incidents
6publicly known incidents affecting Luxembourg, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
53 measures on this site have a recent figure for Luxembourg.
| GDP | $101 bn | 2025 | 74th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $147,252 | 2025 | 1st of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 0.6% | 2025 | 166th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 2.3% | 2025 | 105th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 26% | 2025 | 166th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −2.0% | 2025 | 80th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 4.8% | 2025 | 40th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 6.3% | 2025 | 67th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $2.8 bn | 2024 | 113th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 351% | 2024 | 2nd of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | −$33 bn | 2025 | 199th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 2.7% | 2024 | 69th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 686,970 | 2025 | 166th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 665,098 | 2023 | 169th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.40 | 2023 | 195th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 38.9 | 2023 | 65th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 82.2 | 2023 | 33rd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 20 | 2025 | 191st of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 13,334 | 2025 | 106th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 19.4 | 2025 | 35th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 0 kb/d | 2025 | 100th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 49 kb/d | 2024 | 106th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 97th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 0.6 bcm | 2024 | 98th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 2 TWh | 2024 | 148th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 91% | 2024 | 24th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 0% | 2024 | 82nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 55% | 2024 | 3rd of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 86th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 101st of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 144th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 130th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 116th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 166th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 95th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 109th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.00 Mt | 2024 | 146th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.00 Mt | 2024 | 151st of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 7 Mt | 2024 | 124th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 10.5 t | 2024 | 24th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 783 Mt | 2024 | 91st of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 7.2% | 2023 | 82nd of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 2.9 | 2023 | 50th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 71% | 2023 | 22nd of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 0.9% | 2025 | 121st of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $855 m | 2025 | 83rd of 150 | World Bank |
| Arms imports | 11 TIV m | 2025 | 83rd of 108 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 80 | 2026 | 11th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | <0.1% | 2025 | 30th of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 99% | 2024 | 8th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $6.3 bn | 2024 | 29th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 3.6% | 2024 | 105th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 9 | 2026 | 114th of 181 | US CSL |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- Epoch AIAI compute share
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure