Refugees
78,944refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
485from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Portugal
Portugal has 11 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $347 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the gas it uses (EIA, 2024, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 11 m (2025)
- Member of
- European Union, NATO, OECD (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$347billion45th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population11million89th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$32,08240th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP1.7% of GDP74th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person3.4t103rd of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Portugal imports all of the gas it uses; it exports phosphate.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 94% of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Brazil, Algeria, Nigeria |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports all of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Nigeria, United States, Spain |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 94% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | France, Germany, Ukraine |
| Maize | Imports most | Imports 73% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Ukraine, Brazil, Canada |
| Rice | Imports some | Imports 44% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Guyana, Spain, Myanmar |
| Soybeans | Not reported by this source | – | |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United Kingdom → Portugal as reported by the exporter | Spain, Germany, United Kingdom |
| Phosphate | Exporter | Exports 18% of what it produces EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | Spain, Italy, France (buyers) |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Brazil, 82% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Brazil, United States, Italy |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Germany, 38% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Germany, Singapore, Taiwan |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 94% of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Brazil, Algeria, Nigeria
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasImports most
Imports all of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Nigeria, United States, Spain
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatImports most
Imports 94% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: France, Germany, Ukraine
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports most
Imports 73% of the maize it uses
Main partners: Ukraine, Brazil, Canada
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceImports some
Imports 44% of the rice it uses
Main partners: Guyana, Spain, Myanmar
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- Soybeans
Not reported by this source
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Spain, Germany, United Kingdom
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United Kingdom → Portugal as reported by the exporter
- PhosphateExporter
Exports 18% of what it produces Estimate
Main partners: Spain, Italy, France (buyers)
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Brazil, 82% of imports
Main partners: Brazil, United States, Italy
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Germany, 38% of imports
Main partners: Germany, Singapore, Taiwan
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Portugal’s economy produced $347 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth1.9%2025 · 137th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation2.3%2025 · 103rd of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment6.2%2025 · 69th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$42.4billion2024 · 48th of 164 · World Bank
Trade90% of GDP2024 · 76th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$12.0billion2025 · 34th of 200 · World Bank
People
Portugal had 11 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Portugal’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.512023 · 168th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age46.22023 · 10th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over25%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Portugal numbered 14 at the end of 2026.
Climate and hazards
Portugal emitted 35.5 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Portugal’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions36Mt2024 · 66th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person3.4t2024 · 103rd of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 17502,768Mt2024 · 58th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress3.32023 · 43rd of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Portugal.
Sanctions
3entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 3
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Cyber incidents
11publicly known incidents affecting Portugal, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
52 measures on this site have a recent figure for Portugal.
| GDP | $347 bn | 2025 | 45th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $32,082 | 2025 | 40th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 1.9% | 2025 | 137th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 2.3% | 2025 | 103rd of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 90% | 2025 | 31st of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | 0.7% | 2025 | 30th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 1.2% | 2025 | 67th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 6.2% | 2025 | 69th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $42 bn | 2024 | 48th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 90% | 2024 | 76th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $12 bn | 2025 | 34th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 0.7% | 2024 | 114th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 11 m | 2025 | 89th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 10 m | 2023 | 91st of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.51 | 2023 | 168th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 46.2 | 2023 | 10th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 82.4 | 2023 | 31st of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 485 | 2025 | 147th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 78,944 | 2025 | 66th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 7.3 | 2025 | 72nd of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 0 kb/d | 2025 | 100th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 223 kb/d | 2024 | 53rd of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 97th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 3.6 bcm | 2024 | 70th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 47 TWh | 2024 | 56th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 85% | 2024 | 34th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 0% | 2024 | 82nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 45% | 2024 | 5th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 84th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 1.3 Mt | 2024 | 39th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 0.6 Mt | 2024 | 73rd of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 1.8 Mt | 2024 | 27th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 67th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 68th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 1.1 Mt | 2024 | 20th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.03 Mt | 2024 | 66th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.04 Mt | 2024 | 60th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 36 Mt | 2024 | 66th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 3.4 t | 2024 | 103rd of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 2,768 Mt | 2024 | 58th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 26% | 2023 | 58th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 3.3 | 2023 | 43rd of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 51% | 2023 | 38th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 1.7% | 2025 | 74th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $5.9 bn | 2025 | 45th of 150 | World Bank |
| Arms imports | 91 TIV m | 2025 | 47th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 1 TIV m | 2025 | 41st of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 14 | 2026 | 28th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| People using the internet | 88% | 2024 | 67th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $5.6 bn | 2024 | 31st of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 8.9% | 2024 | 67th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 3 | 2026 | 150th of 181 | US CSL |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure