Refugees
759,794refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
899from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Spain
Spain has 49 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $1.91 tn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the gas it uses (EIA, 2024, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 49 m (2025)
- Member of
- European Union, NATO, OECD (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$1.91trillion12th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population49million32nd of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$38,62729th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP2.1% of GDP51st of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person4.6t76th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Spain imports all of the gas it uses; it exports potash.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 94% of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | United States, Brazil, Mexico |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports all of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Algeria, United States, Russia |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 51% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Ukraine, France, Bulgaria |
| Maize | Imports most | Imports 72% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Ukraine, Brazil, France |
| Rice | Imports some | Imports 37% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Myanmar, Argentina, Uruguay |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports all of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Brazil, United States |
| Potash | Exporter | Exports 15% of what it produces EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | United Kingdom, France, Portugal (buyers) |
| Phosphate | Imports some | Imports 38% of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Morocco, United States, Russia |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: United States, 49% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | United States, Switzerland, France |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Germany, 28% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Germany, Netherlands, China |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 94% of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: United States, Brazil, Mexico
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasImports most
Imports all of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Algeria, United States, Russia
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatImports most
Imports 51% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: Ukraine, France, Bulgaria
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports most
Imports 72% of the maize it uses
Main partners: Ukraine, Brazil, France
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceImports some
Imports 37% of the rice it uses
Main partners: Myanmar, Argentina, Uruguay
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports all of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Brazil, United States
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashExporter
Exports 15% of what it produces Estimate
Main partners: United Kingdom, France, Portugal (buyers)
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
- PhosphateImports some
Imports 38% of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Morocco, United States, Russia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: United States, 49% of imports
Main partners: United States, Switzerland, France
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Germany, 28% of imports
Main partners: Germany, Netherlands, China
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Spain’s economy produced $1.91 tn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth2.8%2025 · 111th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation2.7%2025 · 89th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment10.4%2025 · 34th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$108billion2024 · 26th of 164 · World Bank
Trade70% of GDP2024 · 103rd of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$28.6billion2025 · 19th of 200 · World Bank
People
Spain had 49 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Spain’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.212023 · 215th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age44.92023 · 18th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over22%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Spain numbered 70 at the end of 2026.
AI compute share0.3%2025 · 15th of 36 · Epoch AI
Notable AI models12023 · Epoch AI
Climate and hazards
Spain emitted 220 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Spain’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions220Mt2024 · 29th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person4.6t2024 · 76th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175015,700Mt2024 · 21st of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress3.92023 · 29th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Spain.
Sanctions
40entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 40
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Cyber incidents
61publicly known incidents affecting Spain, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
55 measures on this site have a recent figure for Spain.
| GDP | $1.91 tn | 2025 | 12th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $38,627 | 2025 | 29th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 2.8% | 2025 | 111th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 2.7% | 2025 | 89th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 101% | 2025 | 21st of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −2.4% | 2025 | 92nd of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 3.2% | 2025 | 51st of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 10.4% | 2025 | 34th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $108 bn | 2024 | 26th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 70% | 2024 | 103rd of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $29 bn | 2025 | 19th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 0.4% | 2024 | 131st of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 49 m | 2025 | 32nd of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 48 m | 2023 | 32nd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.21 | 2023 | 215th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 44.9 | 2023 | 18th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 83.7 | 2023 | 13th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 899 | 2025 | 130th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 759,794 | 2025 | 18th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 15.4 | 2025 | 48th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 0 kb/d | 2025 | 96th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 1,314 kb/d | 2024 | 18th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 85th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 27.9 bcm | 2024 | 33rd of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 281 TWh | 2024 | 20th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 77% | 2024 | 41st of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 0.9% | 2024 | 75th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 43% | 2024 | 8th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 7.1 Mt | 2024 | 20th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 7.9 Mt | 2024 | 5th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 3.5 Mt | 2024 | 34th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 9.4 Mt | 2024 | 5th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.4 Mt | 2024 | 47th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.4 Mt | 2024 | 39th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 67th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 3.7 Mt | 2024 | 6th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.36 Mt | 2024 | 17th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.32 Mt | 2024 | 19th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 220 Mt | 2024 | 29th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 4.6 t | 2024 | 76th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 15,700 Mt | 2024 | 21st of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 21% | 2023 | 62nd of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 3.9 | 2023 | 29th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 0% | 2023 | 124th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 2.1% | 2025 | 51st of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $40 bn | 2025 | 15th of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 2 | 2023 | 59th of 66 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 237 TIV m | 2025 | 34th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 342 TIV m | 2025 | 13th of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 70 | 2026 | 13th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | 0.3% | 2025 | 15th of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 96% | 2024 | 21st of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $23 bn | 2024 | 14th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 10% | 2024 | 54th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 40 | 2026 | 66th of 181 | US CSL |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- Epoch AIAI compute share
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure