Refugees
389,694refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
278,117from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Mexico
Mexico has 132 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $1.83 tn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated) and 68% of the gas it uses (EIA, 2024, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 132 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$1.83trillion14th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population132million11th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$13,88971st of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP0.7% of GDP128th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person3.5t101st of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Mexico imports all of its potash supply and 68% of the gas it uses.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Low net trade | Imports 1.9% of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Spain → Mexico as reported by the exporter | Spain |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports 68% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Peru → Mexico and Jamaica → Mexico as reported by the exporter | United States, Peru, Jamaica |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 62% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United States, Canada |
| Maize | Imports some | Imports 49% of the maize it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United States |
| Rice | Imports most | Imports 85% of the rice it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United States, Uruguay, Brazil |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports 96% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United States, Brazil |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Turkmenistan, Russia, Belgium |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports 52% of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United States → Mexico as reported by the exporter | Russia, China, United States |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: United Arab Emirates, 81% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | United Arab Emirates, United States, Sweden |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Malaysia, 25% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Malaysia, Taiwan, China |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilLow net trade
Imports 1.9% of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Spain
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Spain → Mexico as reported by the exporter
- Natural gasImports most
Imports 68% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: United States, Peru, Jamaica
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Peru → Mexico and Jamaica → Mexico as reported by the exporter
- WheatImports most
Imports 62% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: United States, Canada
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports some
Imports 49% of the maize it uses Estimate
Main partners: United States
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceImports most
Imports 85% of the rice it uses Estimate
Main partners: United States, Uruguay, Brazil
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports 96% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: United States, Brazil
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Turkmenistan, Russia, Belgium
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports 52% of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Russia, China, United States
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United States → Mexico as reported by the exporter
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: United Arab Emirates, 81% of imports
Main partners: United Arab Emirates, United States, Sweden
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Malaysia, 25% of imports
Main partners: Malaysia, Taiwan, China
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Mexico’s economy produced $1.83 tn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth0.6%2025 · 169th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation3.8%2025 · 62nd of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment2.7%2025 · 154th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$232billion2024 · 16th of 164 · World Bank
Trade75% of GDP2024 · 98th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$44.6billion2025 · 12th of 200 · World Bank
People
Mexico had 132 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Mexico’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.912023 · 122nd of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age28.92023 · 140th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over8.5%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Mexico numbered 10 at the end of 2026.
AI compute share0%2025 · 34th of 36 · Epoch AI
Climate and hazards
Mexico emitted 461 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Mexico’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions461Mt2024 · 14th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person3.5t2024 · 101st of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175022,016Mt2024 · 14th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress4.02023 · 26th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Mexico.
Sanctions
1,236entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 1,236
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$4.07billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
45publicly known incidents affecting Mexico, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
56 measures on this site have a recent figure for Mexico.
| GDP | $1.83 tn | 2025 | 14th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $13,889 | 2025 | 71st of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 0.6% | 2025 | 169th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 3.8% | 2025 | 62nd of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 62% | 2025 | 71st of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −4.9% | 2025 | 150th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | −0.5% | 2025 | 84th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 2.7% | 2025 | 154th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $232 bn | 2024 | 16th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 75% | 2024 | 98th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $45 bn | 2025 | 12th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 3.7% | 2024 | 56th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 132 m | 2025 | 11th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 130 m | 2023 | 10th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.91 | 2023 | 122nd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 28.9 | 2023 | 140th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 75.1 | 2023 | 122nd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 278,117 | 2025 | 22nd of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 389,694 | 2025 | 32nd of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 3.0 | 2025 | 94th of 176 | UNHCR |
| People displaced inside the country | 262,411 | 2025 | 26th of 38 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 1,726 kb/d | 2025 | 13th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 1,916 kb/d | 2024 | 12th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 22nd of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 97.8 bcm | 2024 | 7th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 388 TWh | 2024 | 14th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 23% | 2024 | 120th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 3.6% | 2024 | 62nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 12% | 2024 | 63rd of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 2.6 Mt | 2024 | 35th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 4.3 Mt | 2024 | 18th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 24.3 Mt | 2024 | 7th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 23.9 Mt | 2024 | 1st of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 65th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.8 Mt | 2024 | 19th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.3 Mt | 2024 | 22nd of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 6.6 Mt | 2024 | 3rd of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.16 Mt | 2024 | 24th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.40 Mt | 2024 | 16th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 461 Mt | 2024 | 14th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 3.5 t | 2024 | 101st of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 22,016 Mt | 2024 | 14th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 23% | 2023 | 59th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 4.0 | 2023 | 26th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 12% | 2023 | 83rd of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 0.7% | 2025 | 128th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $14 bn | 2025 | 29th of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 7,904 | 2025 | 5th of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 9 TIV m | 2025 | 85th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 10 | 2026 | 36th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | 0% | 2025 | 34th of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 83% | 2024 | 86th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $1.8 bn | 2024 | 55th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 2.7% | 2024 | 117th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 1,236 | 2026 | 4th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $373 m | 2021 | 24th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000, Internally displaced
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- Epoch AIAI compute share
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure