Refugees
1.7 mrefugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
121,785from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Peru
Peru has 35 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $335 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2019, estimated) and 53% of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 35 m (2025)
- Member of
- APEC (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$335billion46th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population35million48th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$9,68485th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP0.8% of GDP122nd of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person2.1t133rd of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Peru imports all of its potash supply and 53% of the oil it uses; it exports gas.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 53% of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | United States, Ecuador, Nigeria |
| Natural gas | Exporter | Exports 32% of what it produces PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025, Peru → France as reported by the exporter | South Korea, Japan, France (buyers) |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 91% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Canada, Russia, Argentina |
| Maize | Imports most | Imports 71% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Argentina, Paraguay |
| Rice | Low net trade | Imports 5.1% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Uruguay, Brazil |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports 99% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United States, Bolivia, Brazil |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2019 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Canada, Russia, United States |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2019 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | China, United States, Russia |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: South Korea, 69% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | South Korea, New Zealand, Spain |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Vietnam, 43% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Vietnam, Malaysia, China |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 53% of the oil it uses
Main partners: United States, Ecuador, Nigeria
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasExporter
Exports 32% of what it produces Preliminary
Main partners: South Korea, Japan, France (buyers)
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025, Peru → France as reported by the exporter
- WheatImports most
Imports 91% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: Canada, Russia, Argentina
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports most
Imports 71% of the maize it uses
Main partners: Argentina, Paraguay
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceLow net trade
Imports 5.1% of the rice it uses
Main partners: Uruguay, Brazil
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports 99% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: United States, Bolivia, Brazil
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Canada, Russia, United States
FAOSTAT, supply 2019 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: China, United States, Russia
FAOSTAT, supply 2019 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: South Korea, 69% of imports
Main partners: South Korea, New Zealand, Spain
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Vietnam, 43% of imports
Main partners: Vietnam, Malaysia, China
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Peru’s economy produced $335 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth3.4%2025 · 91st of 186 · World Bank
Inflation1.5%2025 · 123rd of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment5.1%2025 · 89th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$79.2billion2024 · 33rd of 164 · World Bank
Trade52% of GDP2024 · 128th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$10.4billion2025 · 39th of 200 · World Bank
People
Peru had 35 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Peru’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.982023 · 116th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age29.52023 · 133rd of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over9.5%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Peru numbered 2 at the end of 2026.
Climate and hazards
Peru emitted 70.2 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Peru’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions70Mt2024 · 48th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person2.1t2024 · 133rd of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 17502,162Mt2024 · 66th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress3.72023 · 32nd of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Peru.
Sanctions
34entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 34
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$17.1billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
15publicly known incidents affecting Peru, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
54 measures on this site have a recent figure for Peru.
| GDP | $335 bn | 2025 | 46th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $9,684 | 2025 | 85th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 3.4% | 2025 | 91st of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 1.5% | 2025 | 123rd of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 30% | 2025 | 157th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −2.4% | 2025 | 91st of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 3.5% | 2025 | 48th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 5.1% | 2025 | 89th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $79 bn | 2024 | 33rd of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 52% | 2024 | 128th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $10 bn | 2025 | 39th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 1.7% | 2024 | 94th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 35 m | 2025 | 48th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 34 m | 2023 | 45th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.98 | 2023 | 116th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 29.5 | 2023 | 133rd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 77.7 | 2023 | 81st of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 121,785 | 2025 | 39th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 1.7 m | 2025 | 6th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 48.1 | 2025 | 10th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 44 kb/d | 2025 | 54th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 264 kb/d | 2024 | 48th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 35th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 9.2 bcm | 2024 | 51st of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 59 TWh | 2024 | 50th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 60% | 2024 | 64th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 0% | 2024 | 82nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 5.1% | 2024 | 105th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 72nd of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 2.1 Mt | 2024 | 28th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 1.7 Mt | 2024 | 50th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 4.2 Mt | 2024 | 16th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 2.4 Mt | 2024 | 23rd of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 76th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 80th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 39th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.08 Mt | 2024 | 39th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.06 Mt | 2024 | 50th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 70 Mt | 2024 | 48th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 2.1 t | 2024 | 133rd of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 2,162 Mt | 2024 | 66th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 19% | 2023 | 66th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 3.7 | 2023 | 32nd of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 13% | 2023 | 81st of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 0.8% | 2025 | 122nd of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $2.6 bn | 2025 | 58th of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 12 | 2023 | 50th of 66 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 90 TIV m | 2025 | 48th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 2 | 2026 | 58th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| People using the internet | 82% | 2024 | 93rd of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $154 m | 2024 | 94th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 2.2% | 2024 | 123rd of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 34 | 2026 | 73rd of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $372 m | 2021 | 25th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure