Refugees
65,097refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
147from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Japan
Japan has 123 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $4.44 tn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated) and 98% of the gas it uses (EIA, 2024, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 123 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$4.44trillion4th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population123million12th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$35,95132nd of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP1.4% of GDP87th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person7.8t36th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Japan imports all of its potash supply and 98% of the gas it uses.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 97% of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports 98% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Australia, Malaysia, Russia |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 84% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United States, Canada, Australia |
| Maize | Imports most | Imports all of the maize it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United States, Brazil, Argentina |
| Rice | Low net trade | Imports 9.5% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Thailand, United States, China |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports 93% of the soybeans it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United States, Brazil, Canada |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Canada, Taiwan, Jordan |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports 62% of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | China, Morocco, Australia |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: United States, 95% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | United States, United Kingdom, Norway |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Taiwan, 60% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Taiwan, China, South Korea |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 97% of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasImports most
Imports 98% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Australia, Malaysia, Russia
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatImports most
Imports 84% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: United States, Canada, Australia
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports most
Imports all of the maize it uses Estimate
Main partners: United States, Brazil, Argentina
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceLow net trade
Imports 9.5% of the rice it uses
Main partners: Thailand, United States, China
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports 93% of the soybeans it uses Estimate
Main partners: United States, Brazil, Canada
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Canada, Taiwan, Jordan
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports 62% of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: China, Morocco, Australia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: United States, 95% of imports
Main partners: United States, United Kingdom, Norway
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Taiwan, 60% of imports
Main partners: Taiwan, China, South Korea
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Japan’s economy produced $4.44 tn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth1.2%2025 · 153rd of 186 · World Bank
Inflation3.2%2025 · 84th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment2.5%2025 · 158th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$1.23trillion2024 · 2nd of 164 · World Bank
Trade45% of GDP2024 · 139th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$45.8billion2025 · 11th of 200 · World Bank
US Treasury securities held
US Treasury securities heldUS$1,068bn2026-08; US$1,184bn a year earlier
Source: US Treasury TIC2026-08Updated 13 Nov 2026
People
Japan had 123 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Japan’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.212023 · 217th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age49.02023 · 4th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over30%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Japan numbered 250 at the end of 2026.
Climate and hazards
Japan emitted 962 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Japan’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions962Mt2024 · 5th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person7.8t2024 · 36th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175069,612Mt2024 · 6th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress2.02023 · 71st of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Japan.
Sanctions
20entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 20
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Cyber incidents
85publicly known incidents affecting Japan, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
55 measures on this site have a recent figure for Japan.
| GDP | $4.44 tn | 2025 | 4th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $35,951 | 2025 | 32nd of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 1.2% | 2025 | 153rd of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 3.2% | 2025 | 84th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | Estimate | 2025 | 1st of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | Estimate | 2025 | 54th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | 4.9% | 2025 | 38th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 2.5% | 2025 | 158th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $1.23 tn | 2024 | 2nd of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 45% | 2024 | 139th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $46 bn | 2025 | 11th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 0.1% | 2024 | 146th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 123 m | 2025 | 12th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 124 m | 2023 | 12th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.21 | 2023 | 217th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 49.0 | 2023 | 4th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 84.7 | 2023 | 4th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 147 | 2025 | 166th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 65,097 | 2025 | 70th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 0.5 | 2025 | 128th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 3 kb/d | 2025 | 81st of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 3,163 kb/d | 2024 | 7th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 60th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 89.2 bcm | 2024 | 8th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 1,015 TWh | 2024 | 5th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 31% | 2024 | 106th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 32% | 2024 | 29th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 11% | 2024 | 72nd of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 1.0 Mt | 2024 | 52nd of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 5.2 Mt | 2024 | 11th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 155th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 15.3 Mt | 2024 | 2nd of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 6.8 Mt | 2024 | 12th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.8 Mt | 2024 | 21st of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.3 Mt | 2024 | 25th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 3.2 Mt | 2024 | 10th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.21 Mt | 2024 | 21st of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.03 Mt | 2024 | 73rd of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 962 Mt | 2024 | 5th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 7.8 t | 2024 | 36th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 69,612 Mt | 2024 | 6th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 16% | 2023 | 71st of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 2.0 | 2023 | 71st of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 0% | 2023 | 125th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 1.4% | 2025 | 87th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $62 bn | 2025 | 10th of 150 | World Bank |
| Arms imports | 1,715 TIV m | 2025 | 5th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 28 TIV m | 2025 | 35th of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 250 | 2026 | 5th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Orbital launches | 3 | 2026 | 6th of 9 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | 1.2% | 2025 | 5th of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 86% | 2024 | 77th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $12 bn | 2024 | 20th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 5.1% | 2024 | 92nd of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 20 | 2026 | 90th of 181 | US CSL |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit, Orbital launches
- Epoch AIAI compute share
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure