Refugees
116,340refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
72from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Australia
Australia mines 32% of the world’s lithium (USGS, 2025, estimated). It has 28 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $1.80 tn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated) and 68% of the oil it uses (EIA, 2025, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 28 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$1.80trillion15th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population28million55th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$65,13012th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP1.9% of GDP64th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person14.5t11th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Australia imports all of its potash supply and 68% of the oil it uses; it exports gas.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 68% of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Malaysia, United States, Vietnam |
| Natural gas | Exporter | Exports 68% of what it produces PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | Japan, China, South Korea (buyers) |
| Wheat | Exporter | Exports 58% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | China, Indonesia, Vietnam (buyers) |
| Maize | Exporter | Exports 20% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | United Arab Emirates, New Zealand, Fiji (buyers) |
| Rice | Low net trade | Imports 5.6% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Thailand, India, Vietnam |
| Soybeans | Low net trade | Exports 5.1% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | China, United States |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Canada, Germany, Jordan |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports 51% of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Morocco, Saudi Arabia, China |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: United States, 85% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | United States, Spain, Germany |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Taiwan, 24% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Taiwan, Malaysia, China |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 68% of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Malaysia, United States, Vietnam
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasExporter
Exports 68% of what it produces Preliminary
Main partners: Japan, China, South Korea (buyers)
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
- WheatExporter
Exports 58% of what it produces
Main partners: China, Indonesia, Vietnam (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- MaizeExporter
Exports 20% of what it produces
Main partners: United Arab Emirates, New Zealand, Fiji (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- RiceLow net trade
Imports 5.6% of the rice it uses
Main partners: Thailand, India, Vietnam
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansLow net trade
Exports 5.1% of what it produces
Main partners: China, United States
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Canada, Germany, Jordan
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports 51% of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Morocco, Saudi Arabia, China
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: United States, 85% of imports
Main partners: United States, Spain, Germany
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Taiwan, 24% of imports
Main partners: Taiwan, Malaysia, China
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolWhere it supplies 10% or more of the world
Australia mines 32% of the world’s lithium (USGS, 2025, estimated).
Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries2025, estimatedUpdated 13 Nov 2026Estimate
Critical minerals mapMoney and reserves
Australia’s economy produced $1.80 tn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth1.4%2025 · 149th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation2.9%2025 · 87th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment4.1%2025 · 113th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$60.4billion2024 · 39th of 164 · World Bank
Trade47% of GDP2024 · 135th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$37.4billion2025 · 16th of 200 · World Bank
People
Australia had 28 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Australia’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.642023 · 146th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age37.82023 · 78th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over18%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Australia numbered 41 at the end of 2026.
AI compute share<0.1%2025 · 28th of 36 · Epoch AI
Notable AI models12024 · Epoch AI
Climate and hazards
Australia emitted 387 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Australia’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions387Mt2024 · 16th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person14.5t2024 · 11th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175020,040Mt2024 · 17th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress2.92023 · 51st of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Australia.
Sanctions
8entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 6, EU 1 and UK 1
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Cyber incidents
67publicly known incidents affecting Australia, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
54 measures on this site have a recent figure for Australia.
| GDP | $1.80 tn | 2025 | 15th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $65,130 | 2025 | 12th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 1.4% | 2025 | 149th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 2.9% | 2025 | 87th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 52% | 2025 | 103rd of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −2.9% | 2025 | 106th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | −2.6% | 2025 | 111th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 4.1% | 2025 | 113th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $60 bn | 2024 | 39th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 47% | 2024 | 135th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $37 bn | 2025 | 16th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 0.1% | 2024 | 148th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 28 m | 2025 | 55th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 26 m | 2023 | 54th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.64 | 2023 | 146th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 37.8 | 2023 | 78th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 83.9 | 2023 | 10th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 72 | 2025 | 176th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 116,340 | 2025 | 57th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 4.2 | 2025 | 87th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 246 kb/d | 2025 | 31st of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 1,142 kb/d | 2024 | 20th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 7th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 49.2 bcm | 2024 | 20th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 284 TWh | 2024 | 19th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 36% | 2024 | 97th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 45% | 2024 | 16th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 30% | 2024 | 20th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 34.1 Mt | 2024 | 6th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 168th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 0.4 Mt | 2024 | 80th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 161st of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.4 Mt | 2024 | 45th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.3 Mt | 2024 | 50th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 48th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 101st of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.40 Mt | 2024 | 14th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 1.57 Mt | 2024 | 5th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 387 Mt | 2024 | 16th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 14.5 t | 2024 | 11th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 20,040 Mt | 2024 | 17th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | −3.2% | 2023 | 98th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 2.9 | 2023 | 51st of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 0% | 2023 | 125th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 1.9% | 2025 | 64th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $35 bn | 2025 | 17th of 150 | World Bank |
| Arms imports | 828 TIV m | 2025 | 11th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 108 TIV m | 2025 | 25th of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 41 | 2026 | 15th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| Share of documented AI supercomputer power | <0.1% | 2025 | 28th of 36 | Epoch AI |
| People using the internet | 96% | 2024 | 19th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $2.5 bn | 2024 | 46th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 3% | 2024 | 115th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 8 | 2026 | 119th of 181 | US CSL |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- Epoch AIAI compute share
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- USGS Mineral Commodity SummariesMinerals
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure