CountriesIndicatorsThis week
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026

Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan has 7.6 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $50 bn a year (World Bank, 2025).

Written automatically from the figures on this page.

Population
7.6 m (2025)

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.

1

Dependencies at a glance

Turkmenistan exports oil.

Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
ResourceDependencePositionMain partners
OilExporterExports 47% of what it producesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025Uzbekistan, Belgium (buyers)
Natural gasExporterExports 44% of what it produces PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan (buyers)
WheatImports someImports 19% of the wheat it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2022 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023No partner data from the source
MaizeImports someImports 16% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2019 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023No partner data from the source
RiceLow net tradeImports 0.5% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, 2023No partner data from the source
SoybeansNot reported by this source–
PotashExporterExports exceed recorded supply EstimateGoods passing through, or changes in stocks, can cause this; FAOSTAT’s figures do not show whichFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025India, Brazil, Türkiye (buyers)
PhosphateImports someImports 40% of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025No partner data from the source
ArmsSupplier concentration onlyMain supplier: Türkiye, 41% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025Türkiye, Italy, France
ChipsSupplier concentration onlyNot reported by this sourceUN Comtrade, 2025–

Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).

  • OilExporter

    Exports 47% of what it produces

    Main partners: Uzbekistan, Belgium (buyers)

    EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025

  • Natural gasExporter

    Exports 44% of what it produces Preliminary

    Main partners: Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan (buyers)

    EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025

  • WheatImports some

    Imports 19% of the wheat it uses Estimate

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    FAOSTAT, use 2022 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023

  • MaizeImports some

    Imports 16% of the maize it uses

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    FAOSTAT, use 2019 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023

  • RiceLow net trade

    Imports 0.5% of the rice it uses

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    FAOSTAT, 2023

  • Soybeans

    Not reported by this source

  • PotashExporter

    Exports exceed recorded supply Estimate

    Goods passing through, or changes in stocks, can cause this; FAOSTAT’s figures do not show which

    Main partners: India, Brazil, Türkiye (buyers)

    FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025

  • PhosphateImports some

    Imports 40% of its phosphate supply Estimate

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025

  • ArmsSupplier concentration only

    Main supplier: Türkiye, 41% of imports

    Main partners: Türkiye, Italy, France

    SIPRI, 2021–2025

  • ChipsSupplier concentration only

    Not reported by this source

    UN Comtrade, 2025

Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRIyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026

Dependencies tool
2

Money and reserves

Turkmenistan’s economy produced $50 bn in 2025.

GDP, 2000–2025

$0$10 bn$20 bn$30 bn$40 bn$50 bn200020052010201520202025

Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026

Economic growth6.3%2025 · 28th of 186 · World Bank
Unemployment4.3%2025 · 110th of 181 · World Bank
Trade29% of GDP2024 · 163rd of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$701million2025 · 111th of 200 · World Bank
3

People

Turkmenistan had 7.6 m people in 2025.

Population, 1950–2100

05.0 m10 m15 m195019701990200020102030205020702100Projection
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios

Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection

Turkmenistan’s population by age

1950200020502100
MenWomen01020304050607080901000m00m
Millions of people in each five-year age group, men left and women right. Years after 2023 are UN projections (medium variant).

Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection

Births per woman2.692023 · 73rd of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age26.22023 · 157th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over4.8%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
4

Climate and hazards

Turkmenistan emitted 81.0 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.

Turkmenistan’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024

0 Mt25 Mt50 Mt75 Mt100 Mt125 Mt1990199520002005201020152024

Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026

CO2 emissions81Mt2024 · 45th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person10.8t2024 · 23rd of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 17502,742Mt2024 · 59th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress3.72023 · 33rd of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
5

More figures

Shown only where a source covers Turkmenistan.

Refugees

3,209refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
3,527from it, abroad, 2025

Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025

Sanctions

1entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 1

Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.

Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026

Chinese loans and grants

US$12.3billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021

Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021

Cyber incidents

5publicly known incidents affecting Turkmenistan, 2000–2024

Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to

Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024

6

All figures

41 measures on this site have a recent figure for Turkmenistan.

GDP$50 bn202596th of 186World Bank
GDP per person$6,5402025106th of 186World Bank
Economic growth6.3%202528th of 186World Bank
Government debt3%2025188th of 191IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026
Government budget balance0.1%202538th of 195IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026
Current account balance1.7%202561st of 194IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026
Unemployment4.3%2025110th of 181World Bank
Trade29%2024163rd of 172World Bank
Foreign investment in$701 m2025111th of 200World Bank
Population7.6 m2025103rd of 216World Bank
Population with UN projections7.4 m2023105th of 237UN WPP 2024
Births per woman2.69202373rd of 237UN WPP 2024
Median age26.22023157th of 237UN WPP 2024
Life expectancy70.12023170th of 237UN WPP 2024
Refugees from the country3,5272025100th of 206UNHCR
Refugees and others needing protection, by host3,2092025129th of 176UNHCR
Refugees hosted per 1,000 people0.42025131st of 176UNHCR
Crude oil production191 kb/d202534th of 214EIA
Oil consumption146 kb/d202466th of 212EIA
Natural gas productionPreliminary202412th of 213EIA
Natural gas consumption43.2 bcm202425th of 213EIA
Electricity generated33 TWh202469th of 193Ember
Low-carbon electricity<0.1%2024188th of 193Ember
Electricity from coal0%202482nd of 193Ember
Electricity from wind and solar0%2024178th of 193Ember
Wheat production1.3 Mt202444th of 123FAOSTAT
Wheat imports0.0 Mt2024133rd of 180FAOSTAT
Maize production0.0 Mt2024135th of 169FAOSTAT
Maize imports0.0 Mt2024172nd of 196FAOSTAT
Rice production0.1 Mt202476th of 135FAOSTAT
Rice imports0.0 Mt2024195th of 197FAOSTAT
Soybean imports0.0 Mt202485th of 179FAOSTAT
Potash fertiliser use0.01 Mt202485th of 199FAOSTAT
Phosphate fertiliser use0.03 Mt202470th of 199FAOSTAT
CO2 emissions81 Mt202445th of 214Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person10.8 t202423rd of 213Global Carbon Budget
CO2 emitted since 17502,742 Mt202459th of 214Global Carbon Budget
Water stress3.7202333rd of 164WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
Water from abroad97%20233rd of 193FAO AQUASTAT
Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK)12026170th of 181US CSL
Chinese loans and grants committed$2 m2019100th of 113AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0

Sources for this page

  • World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Unemployment, Trade, Foreign investment in, …
  • IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
  • UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
  • UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
  • U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
  • Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
  • FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
  • Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750
  • WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
  • FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
  • US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
  • AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
  • SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseDependencies at a glance
  • EU financial sanctions listSanctions
  • UK Sanctions ListSanctions
  • EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents

Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure

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