Refugees
2.5 mrefugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
266,981from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Türkiye
Türkiye has 86 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $1.60 tn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports 96% of the gas it uses (EIA, 2024, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 86 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$1.60trillion16th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population86million18th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$18,59961st of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP1.9% of GDP65th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person5.9t55th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Türkiye imports 96% of the gas it uses.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 88% of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Kazakhstan → Türkiye, Italy → Türkiye and Guyana → Türkiye as reported by the exporter | Kazakhstan, Italy, Guyana |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports 96% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United States → Türkiye, Azerbaijan → Türkiye and Mauritania → Türkiye as reported by the exporter | United States, Azerbaijan, Mauritania |
| Wheat | Imports some | Imports 16% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Russia, Ukraine |
| Maize | Imports some | Imports 32% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Russia, Ukraine |
| Rice | Low net trade | Imports 5.9% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | China, Thailand, India |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports 95% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Brazil, Ukraine |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports 60% of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Turkmenistan, Russia, Jordan |
| Phosphate | Imports some | Imports 22% of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Morocco, Russia, Tunisia |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Germany, 31% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Germany, Spain, Italy |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: China, 31% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | China, Taiwan, South Korea |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 88% of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Kazakhstan, Italy, Guyana
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Kazakhstan → Türkiye, Italy → Türkiye and Guyana → Türkiye as reported by the exporter
- Natural gasImports most
Imports 96% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: United States, Azerbaijan, Mauritania
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United States → Türkiye, Azerbaijan → Türkiye and Mauritania → Türkiye as reported by the exporter
- WheatImports some
Imports 16% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: Russia, Ukraine
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports some
Imports 32% of the maize it uses
Main partners: Russia, Ukraine
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceLow net trade
Imports 5.9% of the rice it uses
Main partners: China, Thailand, India
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports 95% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Brazil, Ukraine
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports 60% of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Turkmenistan, Russia, Jordan
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports some
Imports 22% of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Morocco, Russia, Tunisia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Germany, 31% of imports
Main partners: Germany, Spain, Italy
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: China, 31% of imports
Main partners: China, Taiwan, South Korea
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Türkiye’s economy produced $1.60 tn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth3.6%2025 · 84th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation34.9%2025 · 2nd of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment8.5%2025 · 46th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$156billion2024 · 21st of 164 · World Bank
Trade55% of GDP2024 · 124th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$13.0billion2025 · 33rd of 200 · World Bank
People
Türkiye had 86 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Türkiye’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.632023 · 148th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age32.52023 · 116th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over11%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Türkiye numbered 45 at the end of 2026.
Climate and hazards
Türkiye emitted 513 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Türkiye’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions513Mt2024 · 12th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person5.9t2024 · 55th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175012,888Mt2024 · 24th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress3.42023 · 39th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Türkiye.
Sanctions
403entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 364, EU 12 and UK 27
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$28.3billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
87publicly known incidents affecting Türkiye, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
55 measures on this site have a recent figure for Türkiye.
| GDP | $1.60 tn | 2025 | 16th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $18,599 | 2025 | 61st of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 3.6% | 2025 | 84th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 34.9% | 2025 | 2nd of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 24% | 2025 | 170th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −2.8% | 2025 | 102nd of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | −1.9% | 2025 | 101st of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 8.5% | 2025 | 46th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $156 bn | 2024 | 21st of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 55% | 2024 | 124th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $13 bn | 2025 | 33rd of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 0.1% | 2024 | 152nd of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 86 m | 2025 | 18th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 87 m | 2023 | 18th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.63 | 2023 | 148th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 32.5 | 2023 | 116th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 77.2 | 2023 | 92nd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 266,981 | 2025 | 23rd of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 2.5 m | 2025 | 4th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 29.0 | 2025 | 23rd of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 125 kb/d | 2025 | 40th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 1,113 kb/d | 2024 | 21st of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 57th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 53.2 bcm | 2024 | 16th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 341 TWh | 2024 | 15th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 46% | 2024 | 82nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 36% | 2024 | 25th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 18% | 2024 | 42nd of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 20.8 Mt | 2024 | 10th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 5.7 Mt | 2024 | 10th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 8.1 Mt | 2024 | 19th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 4.5 Mt | 2024 | 15th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.7 Mt | 2024 | 42nd of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.3 Mt | 2024 | 42nd of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 32nd of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 3.8 Mt | 2024 | 5th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.16 Mt | 2024 | 26th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.73 Mt | 2024 | 11th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 513 Mt | 2024 | 12th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 5.9 t | 2024 | 55th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 12,888 Mt | 2024 | 24th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | −0.8% | 2023 | 96th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 3.4 | 2023 | 39th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 2% | 2023 | 115th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 1.9% | 2025 | 65th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $30 bn | 2025 | 18th of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 11 | 2025 | 49th of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 381 TIV m | 2025 | 31st of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 540 TIV m | 2025 | 11th of 44 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 45 | 2026 | 14th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| People using the internet | 87% | 2024 | 72nd of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $5.3 bn | 2024 | 33rd of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 4.6% | 2024 | 96th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 403 | 2026 | 10th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $8.6 bn | 2021 | 3rd of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure