Refugees
1.1 mrefugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
70,055from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Egypt
Egypt has 118 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $365 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 118 m (2025)
- Member of
- BRICS (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$365billion42nd of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population118million13th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$3,086138th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP0.6% of GDP132nd of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person2.2t128th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Egypt imports all of its potash supply; it exports phosphate.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports some | Imports 33% of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Kazakhstan → Egypt as reported by the exporter | Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, United States |
| Natural gas | Imports some | Imports 20% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United States → Egypt, Senegal → Egypt and Mauritania → Egypt as reported by the exporter | United States, Senegal, Mauritania |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 58% of the wheat it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Russia, Romania, Ukraine |
| Maize | Imports most | Imports 52% of the maize it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Ukraine, Brazil, Argentina |
| Rice | Low net trade | Imports 1.5% of the rice it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | India, China |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports 98% of the soybeans it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United States, Ukraine, Brazil |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Jordan, Belgium, Russia |
| Phosphate | Exporter | Exports exceed recorded supply EstimateGoods passing through, or changes in stocks, can cause this; FAOSTAT’s figures do not show whichFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia (buyers) |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: France, 39% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | France, Germany, Italy |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: China, 39% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | China, South Korea, Taiwan |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports some
Imports 33% of the oil it uses
Main partners: Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, United States
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Kazakhstan → Egypt as reported by the exporter
- Natural gasImports some
Imports 20% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: United States, Senegal, Mauritania
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United States → Egypt, Senegal → Egypt and Mauritania → Egypt as reported by the exporter
- WheatImports most
Imports 58% of the wheat it uses Estimate
Main partners: Russia, Romania, Ukraine
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports most
Imports 52% of the maize it uses Estimate
Main partners: Ukraine, Brazil, Argentina
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceLow net trade
Imports 1.5% of the rice it uses Estimate
Main partners: India, China
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports 98% of the soybeans it uses Estimate
Main partners: United States, Ukraine, Brazil
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Jordan, Belgium, Russia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateExporter
Exports exceed recorded supply Estimate
Goods passing through, or changes in stocks, can cause this; FAOSTAT’s figures do not show which
Main partners: Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia (buyers)
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: France, 39% of imports
Main partners: France, Germany, Italy
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: China, 39% of imports
Main partners: China, South Korea, Taiwan
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Egypt’s economy produced $365 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth4.4%2025 · 61st of 186 · World Bank
Inflation14.1%2025 · 11th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment6.8%2025 · 60th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$44.9billion2024 · 44th of 164 · World Bank
Trade40% of GDP2024 · 157th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$15.5billion2025 · 29th of 200 · World Bank
People
Egypt had 118 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Egypt’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman2.752023 · 66th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age24.02023 · 172nd of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over5.3%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Egypt numbered 13 at the end of 2026.
Climate and hazards
Egypt emitted 258 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Egypt’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions258Mt2024 · 26th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person2.2t2024 · 128th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 17507,471Mt2024 · 32nd of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress4.92023 · 10th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Egypt.
Sanctions
54entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 28, EU 12 and UK 14
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$27.0billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
29publicly known incidents affecting Egypt, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
55 measures on this site have a recent figure for Egypt.
| GDP | $365 bn | 2025 | 42nd of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $3,086 | 2025 | 138th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 4.4% | 2025 | 61st of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 14.1% | 2025 | 11th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | Estimate | 2025 | 35th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | Estimate | 2025 | 173rd of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | Estimate | 2025 | 135th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 6.8% | 2025 | 60th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $45 bn | 2024 | 44th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 40% | 2024 | 157th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $15 bn | 2025 | 29th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 7.6% | 2024 | 35th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 118 m | 2025 | 13th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 115 m | 2023 | 14th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 2.75 | 2023 | 66th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 24.0 | 2023 | 172nd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 71.6 | 2023 | 158th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 70,055 | 2025 | 45th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 1.1 m | 2025 | 12th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 9.3 | 2025 | 62nd of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 505 kb/d | 2025 | 29th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 959 kb/d | 2024 | 23rd of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 15th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 59.5 bcm | 2024 | 15th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 237 TWh | 2024 | 23rd of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 12% | 2024 | 147th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 0% | 2024 | 82nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 5.2% | 2024 | 104th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 9.4 Mt | 2024 | 17th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 13.1 Mt | 2024 | 1st of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 7.2 Mt | 2024 | 20th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 7.9 Mt | 2024 | 7th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 4.3 Mt | 2024 | 15th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 72nd of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 44th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 3.4 Mt | 2024 | 9th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.14 Mt | 2024 | 28th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.23 Mt | 2024 | 22nd of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 258 Mt | 2024 | 26th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 2.2 t | 2024 | 128th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 7,471 Mt | 2024 | 32nd of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 1.3% | 2023 | 93rd of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 4.9 | 2023 | 10th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 98% | 2023 | 2nd of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 0.6% | 2025 | 132nd of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $2.5 bn | 2025 | 61st of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 3 | 2025 | 56th of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 698 TIV m | 2025 | 15th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 2 TIV m | 2024 | 49th of 50 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 13 | 2026 | 29th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| People using the internet | 75% | 2024 | 112th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $1.7 bn | 2024 | 56th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 5.8% | 2024 | 88th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 54 | 2026 | 49th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $3.8 bn | 2021 | 5th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure