Refugees
24,077refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
7,326from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Mozambique
Mozambique has 36 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $22 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 36 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$22.3billion125th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population36million46th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$627183rd of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP1.9% of GDP69th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person0.2t196th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Mozambique imports all of the oil it uses; it exports gas.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports all of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | South Africa, Portugal, Italy |
| Natural gas | Exporter | Exports 84% of what it produces PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025 | South Africa, South Korea, India (buyers) |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 99% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Russia, Canada, Lithuania |
| Maize | Low net trade | Imports 8.3% of the maize it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | South Africa |
| Rice | Imports most | Imports 87% of the rice it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | India, Thailand, Vietnam |
| Soybeans | Exporter | Exports 17% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | India, Sri Lanka (buyers) |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Belgium, China, Russia |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Russia |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Spain, 30% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Spain, South Africa, Canada |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Portugal, 42% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Portugal, South Africa, China |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports all of the oil it uses
Main partners: South Africa, Portugal, Italy
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasExporter
Exports 84% of what it produces Preliminary
Main partners: South Africa, South Korea, India (buyers)
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, exports 2025
- WheatImports most
Imports 99% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: Russia, Canada, Lithuania
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeLow net trade
Imports 8.3% of the maize it uses Estimate
Main partners: South Africa
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceImports most
Imports 87% of the rice it uses Estimate
Main partners: India, Thailand, Vietnam
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansExporter
Exports 17% of what it produces
Main partners: India, Sri Lanka (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Belgium, China, Russia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Russia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Spain, 30% of imports
Main partners: Spain, South Africa, Canada
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Portugal, 42% of imports
Main partners: Portugal, South Africa, China
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Mozambique’s economy produced $22 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth−0.5%2025 · 177th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation4.4%2025 · 44th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment6.6%2025 · 62nd of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$3.84billion2024 · 102nd of 164 · World Bank
Trade96% of GDP2024 · 64th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$5.76billion2025 · 45th of 200 · World Bank
People
Mozambique had 36 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Mozambique’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman4.762023 · 10th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age16.32023 · 230th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over2.7%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Climate and hazards
Mozambique emitted 8.6 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Mozambique’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions9Mt2024 · 115th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person0.2t2024 · 196th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 1750211Mt2024 · 127th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress0.42023 · 130th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Mozambique.
Sanctions
8entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 8
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$6.12billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
No publicly known incidents affecting Mozambique in EuRepoC’s dataset, 2000–2024.
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted.
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
54 measures on this site have a recent figure for Mozambique.
| GDP | $22 bn | 2025 | 125th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $627 | 2025 | 183rd of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | −0.5% | 2025 | 177th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 4.4% | 2025 | 44th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | Estimate | 2025 | 30th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | Estimate | 2025 | 154th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | Estimate | 2025 | 176th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 6.6% | 2025 | 62nd of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $3.8 bn | 2024 | 102nd of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 96% | 2024 | 64th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $5.8 bn | 2025 | 45th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 1.2% | 2024 | 106th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 36 m | 2025 | 46th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 34 m | 2023 | 47th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 4.76 | 2023 | 10th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 16.3 | 2023 | 230th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 63.6 | 2023 | 219th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 7,326 | 2025 | 90th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 24,077 | 2025 | 94th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 0.7 | 2025 | 118th of 176 | UNHCR |
| People displaced inside the country | 461,745 | 2025 | 20th of 38 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 0 kb/d | 2025 | 100th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 42 kb/d | 2024 | 115th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 37th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 1.9 bcm | 2024 | 86th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 20 TWh | 2024 | 84th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 83% | 2024 | 36th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 0% | 2024 | 82nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 0.4% | 2024 | 161st of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 102nd of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.7 Mt | 2024 | 57th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 2.3 Mt | 2024 | 40th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 68th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 68th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.7 Mt | 2024 | 23rd of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 46th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 77th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.00 Mt | 2024 | 149th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.02 Mt | 2024 | 83rd of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 9 Mt | 2024 | 115th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 0.2 t | 2024 | 196th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 211 Mt | 2024 | 127th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 59% | 2023 | 27th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 0.4 | 2023 | 130th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 54% | 2023 | 36th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 1.9% | 2025 | 69th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $468 m | 2025 | 103rd of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 609 | 2025 | 24th of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 15 TIV m | 2025 | 77th of 108 | SIPRI |
| People using the internet | 21% | 2024 | 171st of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $9 m | 2024 | 141st of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 0.8% | 2024 | 144th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 8 | 2026 | 119th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $29 m | 2021 | 67th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000, Internally displaced
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Dependencies at a glance
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure