Refugees
32,941refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
280from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Latvia
Latvia has 1.8 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $49 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the gas it uses (EIA, 2024, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 1.8 m (2025)
- Member of
- European Union, NATO, OECD (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$48.6billion99th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population1.8million150th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$26,31248th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP3.6% of GDP13th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person3.5t102nd of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Latvia imports all of the gas it uses; it exports wheat.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 95% of the oil it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United Kingdom → Latvia as reported by the exporter | United Kingdom, India, Poland |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports all of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Lithuania, Finland, Estonia |
| Wheat | Exporter | Exports 82% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Spain, Tanzania, Portugal (buyers) |
| Maize | Exporter | Exports exceed recorded supplyExports can come from an earlier harvest or stocks; FAOSTAT’s yearly figures do not separate themFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Portugal, Estonia, Finland (buyers) |
| Rice | Imports most | Imports all of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Lithuania, Italy, Myanmar |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports all of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Netherlands, Ukraine, Poland |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2017 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Germany, Jordan, Belgium |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2020 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Lithuania, Morocco, Tunisia |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Finland, 35% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Finland, Sweden, United States |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Taiwan, 37% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Taiwan, Germany, China |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 95% of the oil it uses Preliminary
Main partners: United Kingdom, India, Poland
EIA, use 2025 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, United Kingdom → Latvia as reported by the exporter
- Natural gasImports most
Imports all of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Lithuania, Finland, Estonia
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatExporter
Exports 82% of what it produces
Main partners: Spain, Tanzania, Portugal (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- MaizeExporter
Exports exceed recorded supply
Exports can come from an earlier harvest or stocks; FAOSTAT’s yearly figures do not separate them
Main partners: Portugal, Estonia, Finland (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- RiceImports most
Imports all of the rice it uses
Main partners: Lithuania, Italy, Myanmar
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports most
Imports all of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Netherlands, Ukraine, Poland
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Germany, Jordan, Belgium
FAOSTAT, supply 2017 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Lithuania, Morocco, Tunisia
FAOSTAT, supply 2020 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Finland, 35% of imports
Main partners: Finland, Sweden, United States
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Taiwan, 37% of imports
Main partners: Taiwan, Germany, China
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Latvia’s economy produced $49 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth2.1%2025 · 130th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation3.7%2025 · 64th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment6.6%2025 · 63rd of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$5.14billion2024 · 95th of 164 · World Bank
Trade131% of GDP2024 · 34th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$403million2025 · 125th of 200 · World Bank
People
Latvia had 1.8 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Latvia’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.342023 · 207th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age43.12023 · 32nd of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over22%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Climate and hazards
Latvia emitted 6.5 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Latvia’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions6Mt2024 · 129th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person3.5t2024 · 102nd of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 1750981Mt2024 · 83rd of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress0.62023 · 124th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Latvia.
Sanctions
13entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 8, EU 2 and UK 3
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Cyber incidents
8publicly known incidents affecting Latvia, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
52 measures on this site have a recent figure for Latvia.
| GDP | $49 bn | 2025 | 99th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $26,312 | 2025 | 48th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 2.1% | 2025 | 130th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 3.7% | 2025 | 64th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 47% | 2025 | 113th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −4.0% | 2025 | 138th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | −5.3% | 2025 | 144th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 6.6% | 2025 | 63rd of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $5.1 bn | 2024 | 95th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 131% | 2024 | 34th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $403 m | 2025 | 125th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 3.0% | 2024 | 66th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 1.8 m | 2025 | 150th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 1.9 m | 2023 | 150th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.34 | 2023 | 207th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 43.1 | 2023 | 32nd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 76.2 | 2023 | 107th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 280 | 2025 | 157th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 32,941 | 2025 | 88th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 17.8 | 2025 | 40th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 0 kb/d | 2025 | 100th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 33 kb/d | 2024 | 124th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 97th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 0.8 bcm | 2024 | 95th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 6 TWh | 2024 | 119th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 74% | 2024 | 49th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 0% | 2024 | 82nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 13% | 2024 | 58th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 2.5 Mt | 2024 | 36th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.6 Mt | 2024 | 58th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 163rd of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 67th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 116th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 150th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 103rd of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 137th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.03 Mt | 2024 | 75th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.03 Mt | 2024 | 75th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 6 Mt | 2024 | 129th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 3.5 t | 2024 | 102nd of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 981 Mt | 2024 | 83rd of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 103% | 2023 | 10th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 0.6 | 2023 | 124th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 52% | 2023 | 37th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 3.6% | 2025 | 13th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $1.7 bn | 2025 | 66th of 150 | World Bank |
| Arms imports | 19 TIV m | 2024 | 76th of 117 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 1 TIV m | 2025 | 41st of 44 | SIPRI |
| People using the internet | 93% | 2024 | 42nd of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $1.5 bn | 2024 | 59th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 17% | 2024 | 29th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 13 | 2026 | 103rd of 181 | US CSL |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure