CountriesIndicatorsThis week
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026

Madagascar

Madagascar has 33 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $20 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).

Written automatically from the figures on this page.

Population
33 m (2025)

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.

Jump to Dependencies
  1. 1Dependencies
  2. 2Money
  3. 3People
  4. 4Climate
  5. 5More figures
  6. 6All figures
1

Dependencies at a glance

Madagascar imports all of the oil it uses; it exports soybeans.

Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
ResourceDependencePositionMain partners
OilImports mostImports all of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025No partner data from the source
Natural gasUses no gas, by this source PreliminaryEIA, 2024No partner data from the source
WheatImports mostImports 99% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023Poland, Germany
MaizeLow net tradeImports 0.5% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023South Africa, Serbia
RiceLow net tradeImports 6.9% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023India, Pakistan
SoybeansExporterExports 94% of what it produces EstimateFAOSTAT, 2023No partner data from the source
PotashImports mostImports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025Uzbekistan, Germany, Taiwan
PhosphateImports mostImports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025China, Saudi Arabia, Spain
ArmsSupplier concentration onlyMain supplier: Czechia, 100% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025Czechia
ChipsSupplier concentration onlyMain supplier: Germany, 20% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025Germany, China, Czechia

Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).

  • OilImports most

    Imports all of the oil it uses

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025

  • Natural gas

    Uses no gas, by this source Preliminary

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    EIA, 2024

  • WheatImports most

    Imports 99% of the wheat it uses

    Main partners: Poland, Germany

    FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023

  • MaizeLow net trade

    Imports 0.5% of the maize it uses

    Main partners: South Africa, Serbia

    FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023

  • RiceLow net trade

    Imports 6.9% of the rice it uses

    Main partners: India, Pakistan

    FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023

  • SoybeansExporter

    Exports 94% of what it produces Estimate

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    FAOSTAT, 2023

  • PotashImports most

    Imports all of its potash supply Estimate

    Main partners: Uzbekistan, Germany, Taiwan

    FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025

  • PhosphateImports most

    Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate

    Main partners: China, Saudi Arabia, Spain

    FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025

  • ArmsSupplier concentration only

    Main supplier: Czechia, 100% of imports

    Main partners: Czechia

    SIPRI, 2021–2025

  • ChipsSupplier concentration only

    Main supplier: Germany, 20% of imports

    Main partners: Germany, China, Czechia

    UN Comtrade, 2025

Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026

Dependencies tool
2

Money and reserves

Madagascar’s economy produced $20 bn in 2025.

GDP, 2000–2025

$0$5.0 bn$10 bn$15 bn$20 bn200020052010201520202025

Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026

Economic growth3.0%2025 · 104th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation8.1%2025 · 25th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment3.0%2025 · 140th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$2.78billion2024 · 114th of 164 · World Bank
Trade58% of GDP2024 · 119th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$889million2025 · 100th of 200 · World Bank
3

People

Madagascar had 33 m people in 2025.

Population, 1950–2100

025 m50 m75 m100 m125 m195019701990200020102030205020702100Projection
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios

Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection

Madagascar’s population by age

1950200020502100
MenWomen01020304050607080901003m03m
Millions of people in each five-year age group, men left and women right. Years after 2023 are UN projections (medium variant).

Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection

Births per woman3.972023 · 29th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age18.92023 · 205th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over3.5%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Population map
4

Climate and hazards

Madagascar emitted 4.5 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.

Madagascar’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024

0 Mt1 Mt2 Mt3 Mt4 Mt5 Mt1990199520002005201020152024

Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026

CO2 emissions5Mt2024 · 140th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person0.1t2024 · 203rd of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 1750113Mt2024 · 143rd of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress0.92023 · 109th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
5

More figures

Shown only where a source covers Madagascar.

Refugees

1,366refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
999from it, abroad, 2025

Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025

Sanctions

1entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 1

Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.

Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026

Chinese loans and grants

US$906millioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021

Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021

Cyber incidents

1publicly known incidents affecting Madagascar, 2000–2024

Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to

Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024

6

All figures

52 measures on this site have a recent figure for Madagascar.

GDP$20 bn2025132nd of 186World Bank
GDP per person$5992025184th of 186World Bank
Economic growth3.0%2025104th of 186World Bank
Inflation8.1%202525th of 169World Bank
Government debt48%2025110th of 191IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026
Government budget balance−2.1%202583rd of 195IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026
Current account balance−6.0%2025153rd of 194IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026
Unemployment3.0%2025140th of 181World Bank
Reserves, including gold$2.8 bn2024114th of 164World Bank
Trade58%2024119th of 172World Bank
Foreign investment in$889 m2025100th of 200World Bank
Remittances received2.3%202481st of 162World Bank
Population33 m202549th of 216World Bank
Population with UN projections31 m202349th of 237UN WPP 2024
Births per woman3.97202329th of 237UN WPP 2024
Median age18.92023205th of 237UN WPP 2024
Life expectancy63.62023218th of 237UN WPP 2024
Refugees from the country9992025126th of 206UNHCR
Refugees and others needing protection, by host1,3662025135th of 176UNHCR
Refugees hosted per 1,000 people0.02025156th of 176UNHCR
Crude oil production0 kb/d2025100th of 214EIA
Oil consumption19 kb/d2024144th of 212EIA
Natural gas productionPreliminary202497th of 213EIA
Natural gas consumption0.0 bcm2024126th of 213EIA
Electricity generated2 TWh2024139th of 193Ember
Low-carbon electricity42%202486th of 193Ember
Electricity from coal21%202436th of 193Ember
Electricity from wind and solar4.1%2024113th of 193Ember
Wheat production0.0 Mt2024114th of 123FAOSTAT
Wheat imports0.1 Mt2024104th of 180FAOSTAT
Maize production0.3 Mt202488th of 169FAOSTAT
Maize imports0.0 Mt2024162nd of 196FAOSTAT
Rice production3.3 Mt202417th of 135FAOSTAT
Rice imports0.2 Mt202452nd of 197FAOSTAT
Soybean production0.0 Mt202496th of 108FAOSTAT
Soybean imports0.0 Mt2024124th of 179FAOSTAT
Potash fertiliser use0.00 Mt2024112th of 199FAOSTAT
Phosphate fertiliser use0.01 Mt2024109th of 199FAOSTAT
CO2 emissions5 Mt2024140th of 214Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person0.1 t2024203rd of 213Global Carbon Budget
CO2 emitted since 1750113 Mt2024143rd of 214Global Carbon Budget
Net CO2 imports through trade44%202332nd of 120Global Carbon Budget
Water stress0.92023109th of 164WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
Water from abroad0%2023125th of 193FAO AQUASTAT
Military spending, share of GDP0.6%2025131st of 150World Bank
Military spending$120 m2025130th of 150World Bank
Arms imports3 TIV m202598th of 108SIPRI
People using the internet19%2024175th of 182World Bank
ICT service exports$294 m202486th of 162World Bank
ICT service exports, share of service exports19%202426th of 162World Bank
Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK)12026170th of 181US CSL
Chinese loans and grants committed$6 m202193rd of 122AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0

Sources for this page

  • World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
  • IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
  • UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
  • UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
  • U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
  • Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
  • FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
  • Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
  • WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
  • FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
  • SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Dependencies at a glance
  • US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
  • AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
  • UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
  • EU financial sanctions listSanctions
  • UK Sanctions ListSanctions
  • EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents

Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure

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