Refugees
40,997refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
33,360from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Serbia
Serbia has 6.5 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $100 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated) and 89% of the gas it uses (EIA, 2024, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 6.5 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$100billion75th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population6.5million109th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$15,26264th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP2.8% of GDP32nd of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person6.2t47th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Serbia imports all of its potash supply and 89% of the gas it uses; it exports wheat.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 84% of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Kazakhstan, Iraq, Azerbaijan |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports 89% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Russia, Azerbaijan, Hungary |
| Wheat | Exporter | Exports 43% of what it produces EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia (buyers) |
| Maize | Exporter | Exports 42% of what it produces EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Albania (buyers) |
| Rice | Not reported by this source | – | |
| Soybeans | Imports some | Imports 36% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Croatia, Hungary |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Russia, Romania, Germany |
| Phosphate | Low net trade | Exports 6.8% of what it produces EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Kazakhstan, Russia, Egypt |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: China, 61% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | China, France, Russia |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: China, 21% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | China, Germany, Malaysia |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 84% of the oil it uses
Main partners: Kazakhstan, Iraq, Azerbaijan
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasImports most
Imports 89% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Russia, Azerbaijan, Hungary
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatExporter
Exports 43% of what it produces Estimate
Main partners: Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- MaizeExporter
Exports 42% of what it produces Estimate
Main partners: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Albania (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- Rice
Not reported by this source
- SoybeansImports some
Imports 36% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Croatia, Hungary
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Russia, Romania, Germany
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateLow net trade
Exports 6.8% of what it produces Estimate
Main partners: Kazakhstan, Russia, Egypt
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: China, 61% of imports
Main partners: China, France, Russia
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: China, 21% of imports
Main partners: China, Germany, Malaysia
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Serbia’s economy produced $100 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth2.0%2025 · 134th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation3.9%2025 · 56th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment7.1%2025 · 56th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$30.5billion2024 · 55th of 164 · World Bank
Trade112% of GDP2024 · 44th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$3.94billion2025 · 54th of 200 · World Bank
People
Serbia had 6.5 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Serbia’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.502023 · 171st of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age43.92023 · 26th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over23%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Climate and hazards
Serbia emitted 42.0 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Serbia’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions42Mt2024 · 60th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person6.2t2024 · 47th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 17502,925Mt2024 · 56th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress1.22023 · 96th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Serbia.
Sanctions
56entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 48, EU 1 and UK 7
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$6.09billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
8publicly known incidents affecting Serbia, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
51 measures on this site have a recent figure for Serbia.
| GDP | $100 bn | 2025 | 75th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $15,262 | 2025 | 64th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 2.0% | 2025 | 134th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 3.9% | 2025 | 56th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 42% | 2025 | 123rd of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −2.2% | 2025 | 88th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | −4.9% | 2025 | 139th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 7.1% | 2025 | 56th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $30 bn | 2024 | 55th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 112% | 2024 | 44th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $3.9 bn | 2025 | 54th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 6.4% | 2024 | 40th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 6.5 m | 2025 | 109th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 6.8 m | 2023 | 111th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.50 | 2023 | 171st of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 43.9 | 2023 | 26th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 76.8 | 2023 | 99th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 33,360 | 2025 | 52nd of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 40,997 | 2025 | 86th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 6.3 | 2025 | 77th of 176 | UNHCR |
| People displaced inside the country | 209,453 | 2025 | 28th of 38 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 11 kb/d | 2025 | 73rd of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 87 kb/d | 2024 | 89th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 71st of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 2.9 bcm | 2024 | 75th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 37 TWh | 2024 | 66th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 32% | 2024 | 104th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 63% | 2024 | 8th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 3.8% | 2024 | 118th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 2.9 Mt | 2024 | 33rd of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 159th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 5.1 Mt | 2024 | 23rd of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 127th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 140th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.3 Mt | 2024 | 17th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 40th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.06 Mt | 2024 | 45th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.08 Mt | 2024 | 41st of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 42 Mt | 2024 | 60th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 6.2 t | 2024 | 47th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 2,925 Mt | 2024 | 56th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 1.2 | 2023 | 96th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 2.8% | 2025 | 32nd of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $2.8 bn | 2025 | 56th of 150 | World Bank |
| Arms imports | 146 TIV m | 2025 | 40th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 39 TIV m | 2025 | 32nd of 44 | SIPRI |
| People using the internet | 88% | 2024 | 70th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $4.5 bn | 2024 | 37th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 29% | 2024 | 13th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 56 | 2026 | 48th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $299 m | 2021 | 26th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000, Internally displaced
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice imports, Soybean production, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure