Refugees
750refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
25,365from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina has 3.1 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $33 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the gas it uses (EIA, 2024, preliminary).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 3.1 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$32.6billion109th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population3.1million135th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$10,38282nd of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP0.7% of GDP129th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person6.1t51st of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Bosnia and Herzegovina imports all of the gas it uses.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports 99% of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | No partner data from the source |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports all of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Russia, Croatia, Qatar |
| Wheat | Imports some | Imports 47% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Hungary, Serbia, Croatia |
| Maize | Imports some | Imports 20% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Serbia |
| Rice | Not reported by this source | – | |
| Soybeans | Low net trade | Imports 13% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Croatia |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Russia, Germany, Serbia |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Morocco, Egypt, Russia |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: United States, 92% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | United States, Türkiye |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Austria, 59% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Austria, Germany, China |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports 99% of the oil it uses
Main partners: No partner data from the source
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasImports most
Imports all of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Russia, Croatia, Qatar
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatImports some
Imports 47% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: Hungary, Serbia, Croatia
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeImports some
Imports 20% of the maize it uses
Main partners: Serbia
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- Rice
Not reported by this source
- SoybeansLow net trade
Imports 13% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Croatia
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Russia, Germany, Serbia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Morocco, Egypt, Russia
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: United States, 92% of imports
Main partners: United States, Türkiye
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Austria, 59% of imports
Main partners: Austria, Germany, China
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s economy produced $33 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth2.1%2025 · 131st of 186 · World Bank
Inflation4.0%2025 · 54th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment11.0%2025 · 31st of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$9.42billion2024 · 77th of 164 · World Bank
Trade95% of GDP2024 · 66th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$851million2025 · 103rd of 200 · World Bank
People
Bosnia and Herzegovina had 3.1 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.492023 · 175th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age44.92023 · 17th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over23%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Climate and hazards
Bosnia and Herzegovina emitted 19.4 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions19Mt2024 · 91st of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person6.1t2024 · 51st of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 17501,043Mt2024 · 82nd of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress0.42023 · 129th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Sanctions
33entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 22, EU 3 and UK 8
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$2.17billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
3publicly known incidents affecting Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
52 measures on this site have a recent figure for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| GDP | $33 bn | 2025 | 109th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $10,382 | 2025 | 82nd of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 2.1% | 2025 | 131st of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 4.0% | 2025 | 54th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 29% | 2025 | 161st of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −2.5% | 2025 | 95th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | −3.1% | 2025 | 119th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 11.0% | 2025 | 31st of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $9.4 bn | 2024 | 77th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 95% | 2024 | 66th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $851 m | 2025 | 103rd of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 10.5% | 2024 | 23rd of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 3.1 m | 2025 | 135th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 3.2 m | 2023 | 136th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.49 | 2023 | 175th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 44.9 | 2023 | 17th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 77.9 | 2023 | 78th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 25,365 | 2025 | 60th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 750 | 2025 | 139th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 0.2 | 2025 | 136th of 176 | UNHCR |
| People displaced inside the country | 94,796 | 2025 | 29th of 38 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 0 kb/d | 2025 | 100th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 37 kb/d | 2024 | 120th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 97th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 0.2 bcm | 2024 | 108th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 16 TWh | 2024 | 94th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 40% | 2024 | 90th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 59% | 2024 | 11th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 5% | 2024 | 107th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 0.3 Mt | 2024 | 69th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.3 Mt | 2024 | 81st of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 0.8 Mt | 2024 | 67th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 70th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 157th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 55th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 78th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.01 Mt | 2024 | 90th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.01 Mt | 2024 | 102nd of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 19 Mt | 2024 | 91st of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 6.1 t | 2024 | 51st of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 1,043 Mt | 2024 | 82nd of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 0.4 | 2023 | 129th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 5% | 2023 | 99th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 0.7% | 2025 | 129th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $231 m | 2025 | 115th of 150 | World Bank |
| Arms imports | 1 TIV m | 2025 | 105th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Arms exports | 8 TIV m | 2023 | 43rd of 54 | SIPRI |
| People using the internet | 86% | 2024 | 75th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $508 m | 2024 | 77th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 14% | 2024 | 39th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 33 | 2026 | 74th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $469 m | 2021 | 22nd of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000, Internally displaced
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice imports, Soybean production, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Arms exports, Dependencies at a glance
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure