Refugees
131,045refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
264,629from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Rwanda
Rwanda has 15 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $16 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 15 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$16.4billion137th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population15million76th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$1,124172nd of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP1.3% of GDP96th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person0.1t202nd of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Rwanda imports all of the oil it uses.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports all of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | China, Kenya, United Arab Emirates |
| Natural gas | Low net trade | Imports 0% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | United Arab Emirates, China |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 86% of the wheat it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | No partner data from the source |
| Maize | Low net trade | Imports 14% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | No partner data from the source |
| Rice | Imports some | Imports 36% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | No partner data from the source |
| Soybeans | Imports some | Imports 19% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, 2023 | No partner data from the source |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Germany, Saudi Arabia, South Africa |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Kenya |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Russia, 39% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Russia, China, Türkiye |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: China, 46% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | China, South Africa, United Arab Emirates |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports all of the oil it uses
Main partners: China, Kenya, United Arab Emirates
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gasLow net trade
Imports 0% of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: United Arab Emirates, China
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatImports most
Imports 86% of the wheat it uses Estimate
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeLow net trade
Imports 14% of the maize it uses
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceImports some
Imports 36% of the rice it uses
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansImports some
Imports 19% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Germany, Saudi Arabia, South Africa
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Kenya
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Russia, 39% of imports
Main partners: Russia, China, Türkiye
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: China, 46% of imports
Main partners: China, South Africa, United Arab Emirates
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Rwanda’s economy produced $16 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth9.4%2025 · 6th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation5.9%2025 · 32nd of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment11.4%2025 · 29th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$2.41billion2024 · 117th of 164 · World Bank
Trade72% of GDP2024 · 102nd of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$967million2025 · 97th of 200 · World Bank
People
Rwanda had 15 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Rwanda’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman3.702023 · 39th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age19.42023 · 200th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over4%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Rwanda numbered 7 at the end of 2026.
Climate and hazards
Rwanda emitted 2.0 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Rwanda’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions2Mt2024 · 156th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person0.1t2024 · 202nd of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175037Mt2024 · 167th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress0.02023 · 154th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Rwanda.
Sanctions
47entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 19, EU 17 and UK 11
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$1.27billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
2publicly known incidents affecting Rwanda, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
54 measures on this site have a recent figure for Rwanda.
| GDP | $16 bn | 2025 | 137th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $1,124 | 2025 | 172nd of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 9.4% | 2025 | 6th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 5.9% | 2025 | 32nd of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 65% | 2025 | 67th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −4.4% | 2025 | 143rd of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | −9.8% | 2025 | 172nd of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 11.4% | 2025 | 29th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $2.4 bn | 2024 | 117th of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 72% | 2024 | 102nd of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $967 m | 2025 | 97th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 3.4% | 2024 | 62nd of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 15 m | 2025 | 76th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 14 m | 2023 | 77th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 3.70 | 2023 | 39th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 19.4 | 2023 | 200th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 67.8 | 2023 | 186th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 264,629 | 2025 | 24th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 131,045 | 2025 | 54th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 9.0 | 2025 | 63rd of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 0 kb/d | 2025 | 100th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 10 kb/d | 2024 | 165th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 75th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 0.1 bcm | 2024 | 114th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 1 TWh | 2024 | 152nd of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 50% | 2024 | 78th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 15% | 2024 | 46th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 3.5% | 2024 | 120th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 96th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 116th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 0.6 Mt | 2024 | 72nd of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 85th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 71st of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 100th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 54th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 89th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.01 Mt | 2024 | 97th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.01 Mt | 2024 | 91st of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 2 Mt | 2024 | 156th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 0.1 t | 2024 | 202nd of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 37 Mt | 2024 | 167th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 74% | 2023 | 14th of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 0.0 | 2023 | 154th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 29% | 2023 | 65th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 1.3% | 2025 | 96th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $191 m | 2025 | 123rd of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 6 | 2025 | 51st of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 37 TIV m | 2023 | 63rd of 125 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 7 | 2026 | 41st of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| People using the internet | 32% | 2024 | 163rd of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $34 m | 2024 | 123rd of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 3.2% | 2024 | 110th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 47 | 2026 | 56th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $15 m | 2021 | 81st of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure