Refugees
1.1 mrefugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
312,831from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Ethiopia
Ethiopia has 135 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $126 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 135 m (2025)
- Member of
- BRICS (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$126billion66th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population135million10th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$933175th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP0.5% of GDP139th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person0.1t206th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Ethiopia imports all of the oil it uses; it exports soybeans.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports all of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | No partner data from the source |
| Natural gas | Uses no gas, by this source PreliminaryEIA, 2024 | No partner data from the source | |
| Wheat | Low net trade | Imports 0.2% of the wheat it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | United States, Ukraine, Romania |
| Maize | Low net trade | Imports <0.1% of the maize it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Argentina, United Arab Emirates, Brazil |
| Rice | Imports some | Imports 42% of the rice it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | India, Pakistan |
| Soybeans | Exporter | Exports 44% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | India, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates (buyers) |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | No partner data from the source |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | No partner data from the source |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Russia, 58% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Russia, China, Türkiye |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Not reported by this sourceUN Comtrade, 2025 | – |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports all of the oil it uses
Main partners: No partner data from the source
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- Natural gas
Uses no gas, by this source Preliminary
Main partners: No partner data from the source
EIA, 2024
- WheatLow net trade
Imports 0.2% of the wheat it uses Estimate
Main partners: United States, Ukraine, Romania
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeLow net trade
Imports <0.1% of the maize it uses Estimate
Main partners: Argentina, United Arab Emirates, Brazil
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceImports some
Imports 42% of the rice it uses Estimate
Main partners: India, Pakistan
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansExporter
Exports 44% of what it produces
Main partners: India, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Russia, 58% of imports
Main partners: Russia, China, Türkiye
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Not reported by this source
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRIyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Ethiopia’s economy produced $126 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth9.8%2025 · 5th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation13.2%2025 · 13th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment3.3%2025 · 129th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$3.78billion2024 · 103rd of 164 · World Bank
Trade17% of GDP2024 · 171st of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$3.80billion2025 · 55th of 200 · World Bank
People
Ethiopia had 135 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Ethiopia’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman3.992023 · 28th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age18.72023 · 207th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over3.3%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Technology and space
Satellites owned in Ethiopia numbered 1 at the end of 2026.
Climate and hazards
Ethiopia emitted 17.8 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Ethiopia’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions18Mt2024 · 94th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person0.1t2024 · 206th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 1750330Mt2024 · 112th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress1.02023 · 106th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Ethiopia.
Sanctions
5entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 2, EU 2 and UK 1
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$21.4billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
2publicly known incidents affecting Ethiopia, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
55 measures on this site have a recent figure for Ethiopia.
| GDP | $126 bn | 2025 | 66th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $933 | 2025 | 175th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 9.8% | 2025 | 5th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 13.2% | 2025 | 13th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | Estimate | 2025 | 120th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | Estimate | 2025 | 61st of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | Estimate | 2025 | 90th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 3.3% | 2025 | 129th of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $3.8 bn | 2024 | 103rd of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 17% | 2024 | 171st of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $3.8 bn | 2025 | 55th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 4.8% | 2024 | 49th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 135 m | 2025 | 10th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 129 m | 2023 | 11th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 3.99 | 2023 | 28th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 18.7 | 2023 | 207th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 67.3 | 2023 | 192nd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 312,831 | 2025 | 20th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 1.1 m | 2025 | 11th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 8.3 | 2025 | 65th of 176 | UNHCR |
| People displaced inside the country | 2.4 m | 2025 | 11th of 38 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 0 kb/d | 2025 | 100th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 104 kb/d | 2024 | 80th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 97th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 0.0 bcm | 2024 | 126th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 25 TWh | 2024 | 75th of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 100% | 2024 | 1st of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 0% | 2024 | 82nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 2.9% | 2024 | 123rd of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 6.2 Mt | 2024 | 24th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 150th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 11.7 Mt | 2024 | 13th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 145th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 59th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.1 Mt | 2024 | 79th of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 27th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 178th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.00 Mt | 2024 | 124th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.19 Mt | 2024 | 27th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 18 Mt | 2024 | 94th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 0.1 t | 2024 | 206th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 330 Mt | 2024 | 112th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Net CO2 imports through trade | 32% | 2023 | 42nd of 120 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 1.0 | 2023 | 106th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 0% | 2023 | 125th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 0.5% | 2025 | 139th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $528 m | 2025 | 99th of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 5,458 | 2025 | 6th of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 63 TIV m | 2025 | 54th of 108 | SIPRI |
| Satellites in orbit | 1 | 2026 | 64th of 81 | Orbital data from CelesTrak |
| People using the internet | 22% | 2024 | 170th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $43 m | 2024 | 119th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 0.6% | 2024 | 150th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 5 | 2026 | 138th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $69 m | 2021 | 48th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000, Internally displaced
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750, Net CO2 imports through trade
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Dependencies at a glance
- CelesTrak SATCATSatellites in orbit
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure