Refugees
149,918refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
8,868from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Moldova
Moldova has 2.4 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $20 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 2.4 m (2025)
- Member of
- CIS (as of 10 Nov 2026)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$20.4billion130th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population2.4million145th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$8,62287th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP0.6% of GDP137th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person1.8t137th of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Moldova imports all of the oil it uses; it exports wheat.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports all of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Czechia → Moldova as reported by the exporter | Bulgaria, France, Czechia |
| Natural gas | Imports most | Imports all of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Romania, Ukraine, Netherlands |
| Wheat | Exporter | Exports 82% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Romania, Greece, Cyprus (buyers) |
| Maize | Exporter | Exports 41% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023 | Romania, Cyprus, Lebanon (buyers) |
| Rice | Not reported by this source | – | |
| Soybeans | Imports most | Imports 52% of the soybeans it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Ukraine |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Austria, Sweden, Greece |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | Russia, Serbia, Egypt |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: France, 45% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | France, Israel, Poland |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Philippines, 32% of importsUN Comtrade, 2025 | Philippines, China, Vietnam |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports all of the oil it uses
Main partners: Bulgaria, France, Czechia
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Czechia → Moldova as reported by the exporter
- Natural gasImports most
Imports all of the gas it uses Preliminary
Main partners: Romania, Ukraine, Netherlands
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- WheatExporter
Exports 82% of what it produces
Main partners: Romania, Greece, Cyprus (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- MaizeExporter
Exports 41% of what it produces
Main partners: Romania, Cyprus, Lebanon (buyers)
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, exports 2023
- Rice
Not reported by this source
- SoybeansImports most
Imports 52% of the soybeans it uses
Main partners: Ukraine
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: Austria, Sweden, Greece
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: Russia, Serbia, Egypt
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: France, 45% of imports
Main partners: France, Israel, Poland
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Philippines, 32% of imports
Main partners: Philippines, China, Vietnam
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRI; UN Comtradeyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Moldova’s economy produced $20 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth2.4%2025 · 124th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation7.8%2025 · 26th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment1.5%2025 · 172nd of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$5.48billion2024 · 93rd of 164 · World Bank
Trade89% of GDP2024 · 77th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$460million2025 · 122nd of 200 · World Bank
People
Moldova had 2.4 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Moldova’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman1.732023 · 135th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age37.82023 · 77th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over17%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Climate and hazards
Moldova emitted 5.3 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Moldova’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions5Mt2024 · 135th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person1.8t2024 · 137th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 17501,358Mt2024 · 78th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress1.32023 · 95th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Moldova.
Sanctions
38entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 11, EU 24 and UK 3
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$82millioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
7publicly known incidents affecting Moldova, 2000–2024
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
50 measures on this site have a recent figure for Moldova.
| GDP | $20 bn | 2025 | 130th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $8,622 | 2025 | 87th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 2.4% | 2025 | 124th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 7.8% | 2025 | 26th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 39% | 2025 | 135th of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −3.9% | 2025 | 132nd of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | −19.7% | 2025 | 185th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 1.5% | 2025 | 172nd of 181 | World Bank |
| Reserves, including gold | $5.5 bn | 2024 | 93rd of 164 | World Bank |
| Trade | 89% | 2024 | 77th of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $460 m | 2025 | 122nd of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 10.5% | 2024 | 22nd of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 2.4 m | 2025 | 145th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 3.1 m | 2023 | 137th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 1.73 | 2023 | 135th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 37.8 | 2023 | 77th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 71.2 | 2023 | 163rd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 8,868 | 2025 | 84th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 149,918 | 2025 | 49th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 63.5 | 2025 | 5th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 0 kb/d | 2025 | 100th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 24 kb/d | 2024 | 136th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 97th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 2.2 bcm | 2024 | 84th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 6 TWh | 2024 | 122nd of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 11% | 2024 | 151st of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 0% | 2024 | 82nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 5.1% | 2024 | 106th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 1.2 Mt | 2024 | 47th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 163rd of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 0.7 Mt | 2024 | 69th of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 151st of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 151st of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 56th of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 64th of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.01 Mt | 2024 | 98th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.01 Mt | 2024 | 90th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 5 Mt | 2024 | 135th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 1.8 t | 2024 | 137th of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 1,358 Mt | 2024 | 78th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 1.3 | 2023 | 95th of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 87% | 2023 | 11th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 0.6% | 2025 | 137th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $113 m | 2025 | 132nd of 150 | World Bank |
| Arms imports | 5 TIV m | 2025 | 91st of 108 | SIPRI |
| People using the internet | 77% | 2024 | 104th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $730 m | 2024 | 68th of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 27% | 2024 | 15th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 38 | 2026 | 70th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $3 m | 2021 | 106th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Coverage notes. Transnistria: Administered separately from Moldova; not recognised as a state by most countries (EuRepoC cyber incidents).
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice imports, Soybean production, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Dependencies at a glance
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- UN ComtradeDependencies at a glance
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure