Refugees
287,037refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
543,367from it, abroad, 2025
Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026
Mali
Mali has 25 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $30 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).
Written automatically from the figures on this page.
- Population
- 25 m (2025)
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.
- GDPUS$30.1billion113th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Population25million58th of 216World Bank · 2025
- GDP per personUS$1,193168th of 186World Bank · 2025
- Military, % GDP3.9% of GDP12th of 150World Bank · 2025
- CO2 per person0.3t191st of 213Global Carbon Budget · 2024
Dependencies at a glance
Mali imports all of the oil it uses.
Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
| Resource | Dependence | Position | Main partners |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil | Imports most | Imports all of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Senegal → Mali as reported by the exporter | Senegal |
| Natural gas | Uses no gas, by this source PreliminaryEIA, 2024 | No partner data from the source | |
| Wheat | Imports most | Imports 87% of the wheat it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | France, Latvia, Lithuania |
| Maize | Low net trade | Imports 0.3% of the maize it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | Côte d'Ivoire, Argentina |
| Rice | Low net trade | Imports 10% of the rice it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | India, Japan |
| Soybeans | Low net trade | Exports 3.5% of what it producesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023 | No partner data from the source |
| Potash | Imports most | Imports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | No partner data from the source |
| Phosphate | Imports most | Imports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025 | No partner data from the source |
| Arms | Supplier concentration only | Main supplier: Russia, 43% of importsSIPRI, 2021–2025 | Russia, China, Türkiye |
| Chips | Supplier concentration only | Not reported by this sourceUN Comtrade, 2025 | – |
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
- OilImports most
Imports all of the oil it uses
Main partners: Senegal
EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, Senegal → Mali as reported by the exporter
- Natural gas
Uses no gas, by this source Preliminary
Main partners: No partner data from the source
EIA, 2024
- WheatImports most
Imports 87% of the wheat it uses
Main partners: France, Latvia, Lithuania
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- MaizeLow net trade
Imports 0.3% of the maize it uses
Main partners: Côte d'Ivoire, Argentina
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- RiceLow net trade
Imports 10% of the rice it uses Estimate
Main partners: India, Japan
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- SoybeansLow net trade
Exports 3.5% of what it produces
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023
- PotashImports most
Imports all of its potash supply Estimate
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- PhosphateImports most
Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate
Main partners: No partner data from the source
FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025
- ArmsSupplier concentration only
Main supplier: Russia, 43% of imports
Main partners: Russia, China, Türkiye
SIPRI, 2021–2025
- ChipsSupplier concentration only
Not reported by this source
UN Comtrade, 2025
Source: EIA; FAOSTAT; SIPRIyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Dependencies toolMoney and reserves
Mali’s economy produced $30 bn in 2025.
GDP, 2000–2025
Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026
Economic growth5.6%2025 · 38th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation3.3%2025 · 80th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment2.8%2025 · 147th of 181 · World Bank
Trade50% of GDP2024 · 133rd of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$844million2025 · 104th of 200 · World Bank
People
Mali had 25 m people in 2025.
Population, 1950–2100
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios
Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Mali’s population by age
1950200020502100
Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection
Births per woman5.612023 · 6th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age15.52023 · 233rd of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over2.4%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
Climate and hazards
Mali emitted 7.0 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.
Mali’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024
Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026
CO2 emissions7Mt2024 · 126th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person0.3t2024 · 191st of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 1750100Mt2024 · 146th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress0.72023 · 121st of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
More figures
Shown only where a source covers Mali.
Sanctions
54entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 22, EU 17 and UK 15
Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.
Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026
Chinese loans and grants
US$1.82billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021
Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021
Cyber incidents
No publicly known incidents affecting Mali in EuRepoC’s dataset, 2000–2024.
Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted.
Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024
All figures
52 measures on this site have a recent figure for Mali.
| GDP | $30 bn | 2025 | 113th of 186 | World Bank |
| GDP per person | $1,193 | 2025 | 168th of 186 | World Bank |
| Economic growth | 5.6% | 2025 | 38th of 186 | World Bank |
| Inflation | 3.3% | 2025 | 80th of 169 | World Bank |
| Government debt | 40% | 2025 | 131st of 191 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Government budget balance | −1.5% | 2025 | 68th of 195 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Current account balance | Estimate | 2025 | 76th of 194 | IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026 |
| Unemployment | 2.8% | 2025 | 147th of 181 | World Bank |
| Trade | 50% | 2024 | 133rd of 172 | World Bank |
| Foreign investment in | $844 m | 2025 | 104th of 200 | World Bank |
| Remittances received | 4.0% | 2024 | 54th of 162 | World Bank |
| Population | 25 m | 2025 | 58th of 216 | World Bank |
| Population with UN projections | 24 m | 2023 | 57th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Births per woman | 5.61 | 2023 | 6th of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Median age | 15.5 | 2023 | 233rd of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Life expectancy | 60.4 | 2023 | 231st of 237 | UN WPP 2024 |
| Refugees from the country | 543,367 | 2025 | 12th of 206 | UNHCR |
| Refugees and others needing protection, by host | 287,037 | 2025 | 37th of 176 | UNHCR |
| Refugees hosted per 1,000 people | 11.4 | 2025 | 58th of 176 | UNHCR |
| People displaced inside the country | 414,524 | 2025 | 24th of 38 | UNHCR |
| Crude oil production | 0 kb/d | 2025 | 100th of 214 | EIA |
| Oil consumption | 46 kb/d | 2024 | 110th of 212 | EIA |
| Natural gas production | Preliminary | 2024 | 97th of 213 | EIA |
| Natural gas consumption | 0.0 bcm | 2024 | 126th of 213 | EIA |
| Electricity generated | 6 TWh | 2024 | 123rd of 193 | Ember |
| Low-carbon electricity | 19% | 2024 | 130th of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from coal | 0% | 2024 | 82nd of 193 | Ember |
| Electricity from wind and solar | 2.9% | 2024 | 126th of 193 | Ember |
| Wheat production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 88th of 123 | FAOSTAT |
| Wheat imports | 0.3 Mt | 2024 | 79th of 180 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize production | 4.0 Mt | 2024 | 31st of 169 | FAOSTAT |
| Maize imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 129th of 196 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice production | 1.8 Mt | 2024 | 26th of 135 | FAOSTAT |
| Rice imports | 0.2 Mt | 2024 | 63rd of 197 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean production | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 61st of 108 | FAOSTAT |
| Soybean imports | 0.0 Mt | 2024 | 122nd of 179 | FAOSTAT |
| Potash fertiliser use | 0.04 Mt | 2024 | 58th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| Phosphate fertiliser use | 0.01 Mt | 2024 | 107th of 199 | FAOSTAT |
| CO2 emissions | 7 Mt | 2024 | 126th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 per person | 0.3 t | 2024 | 191st of 213 | Global Carbon Budget |
| CO2 emitted since 1750 | 100 Mt | 2024 | 146th of 214 | Global Carbon Budget |
| Water stress | 0.7 | 2023 | 121st of 164 | WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0) |
| Water from abroad | 50% | 2023 | 39th of 193 | FAO AQUASTAT |
| Military spending, share of GDP | 3.9% | 2025 | 12th of 150 | World Bank |
| Military spending | $953 m | 2025 | 81st of 150 | World Bank |
| Deaths in organised violence | 2,157 | 2025 | 15th of 61 | UCDP |
| Arms imports | 65 TIV m | 2025 | 53rd of 108 | SIPRI |
| People using the internet | 37% | 2024 | 157th of 182 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports | $172 m | 2024 | 92nd of 162 | World Bank |
| ICT service exports, share of service exports | 33% | 2024 | 8th of 162 | World Bank |
| Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK) | 54 | 2026 | 49th of 181 | US CSL |
| Chinese loans and grants committed | $15 m | 2021 | 80th of 122 | AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0 |
Sources for this page
- World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Trade, …
- IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
- UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
- UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000, Internally displaced
- U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
- Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
- FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
- Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750
- WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
- FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
- UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
- SIPRI Arms Transfers DatabaseArms imports, Dependencies at a glance
- US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
- AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
- EU financial sanctions listSanctions
- UK Sanctions ListSanctions
- EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents
Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure