CountriesIndicatorsThis week
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026

Eswatini

Eswatini has 1.3 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $5.2 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).

Written automatically from the figures on this page.

Population
1.3 m (2025)

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.

1

Dependencies at a glance

Eswatini imports all of the oil it uses.

Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
ResourceDependencePositionMain partners
OilImports mostImports all of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, South Africa → Eswatini as reported by the exporterSouth Africa
Natural gasUses no gas, by this source PreliminaryEIA, 2024No partner data from the source
WheatImports mostImports 99% of the wheat it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2022 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023Australia, Poland, Czechia
MaizeImports mostImports 69% of the maize it uses EstimateFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023South Africa
RiceImports mostImports 98% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023India, Thailand, South Africa
SoybeansNot reported by this source–
PotashImports mostImports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025No partner data from the source
PhosphateImports mostImports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025No partner data from the source
ArmsSupplier concentration onlyNo major arms imports recorded, 2021–2025SIPRI, 2021–2025–
ChipsSupplier concentration onlyNot reported by this sourceUN Comtrade, 2025–

Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).

  • OilImports most

    Imports all of the oil it uses

    Main partners: South Africa

    EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025, South Africa → Eswatini as reported by the exporter

  • Natural gas

    Uses no gas, by this source Preliminary

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    EIA, 2024

  • WheatImports most

    Imports 99% of the wheat it uses Estimate

    Main partners: Australia, Poland, Czechia

    FAOSTAT, use 2022 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023

  • MaizeImports most

    Imports 69% of the maize it uses Estimate

    Main partners: South Africa

    FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023

  • RiceImports most

    Imports 98% of the rice it uses

    Main partners: India, Thailand, South Africa

    FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023

  • Soybeans

    Not reported by this source

  • PotashImports most

    Imports all of its potash supply Estimate

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025

  • PhosphateImports most

    Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025

  • ArmsSupplier concentration only

    No major arms imports recorded, 2021–2025

    SIPRI, 2021–2025

  • ChipsSupplier concentration only

    Not reported by this source

    UN Comtrade, 2025

Source: EIA; FAOSTATyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026

Dependencies tool
2

Money and reserves

Eswatini’s economy produced $5.2 bn in 2025.

GDP, 2000–2025

$0$2.0 bn$4.0 bn$6.0 bn200020052010201520202025

Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026

Economic growth4.2%2025 · 69th of 186 · World Bank
Unemployment34.2%2025 · 1st of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$537million2024 · 146th of 164 · World Bank
Trade107% of GDP2024 · 51st of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$53million2025 · 158th of 200 · World Bank
3

People

Eswatini had 1.3 m people in 2025.

Population, 1950–2100

0500,0001.0 m1.5 m2.0 m2.5 m195019701990200020102030205020702100Projection
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios

Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection

Eswatini’s population by age

1950200020502100
MenWomen01020304050607080901000m00m
Millions of people in each five-year age group, men left and women right. Years after 2023 are UN projections (medium variant).

Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection

Births per woman2.752023 · 65th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age22.02023 · 181st of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over4.3%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
4

Climate and hazards

Eswatini emitted 1.0 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.

Eswatini’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024

0 Mt0.50 Mt1.0 Mt1.5 Mt1990199520002005201020152024

Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026

CO2 emissions1Mt2024 · 166th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person0.8t2024 · 163rd of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175045Mt2024 · 164th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress0.32023 · 134th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
5

More figures

Shown only where a source covers Eswatini.

Refugees

4,925refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
692from it, abroad, 2025

Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025

Sanctions

No entry on the US, EU or UK lists gives it as an address or nationality.

Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.

Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026

Cyber incidents

1publicly known incidents affecting Eswatini, 2000–2024

Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to

Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024

6

All figures

47 measures on this site have a recent figure for Eswatini.

GDP$5.2 bn2025154th of 186World Bank
GDP per person$4,1082025126th of 186World Bank
Economic growth4.2%202569th of 186World Bank
Government debt45%2025117th of 191IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026
Government budget balance−7.8%2025181st of 195IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026
Current account balance2.4%202555th of 194IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026
Unemployment34.2%20251st of 181World Bank
Reserves, including gold$537 m2024146th of 164World Bank
Trade107%202451st of 172World Bank
Foreign investment in$53 m2025158th of 200World Bank
Remittances received0.7%2024117th of 162World Bank
Population1.3 m2025158th of 216World Bank
Population with UN projections1.2 m2023160th of 237UN WPP 2024
Births per woman2.75202365th of 237UN WPP 2024
Median age22.02023181st of 237UN WPP 2024
Life expectancy64.12023212th of 237UN WPP 2024
Refugees from the country6922025141st of 206UNHCR
Refugees and others needing protection, by host4,9252025124th of 176UNHCR
Refugees hosted per 1,000 people3.9202589th of 176UNHCR
Crude oil production0 kb/d2025100th of 214EIA
Oil consumption6 kb/d2024171st of 212EIA
Natural gas productionPreliminary202497th of 213EIA
Natural gas consumption0.0 bcm2024126th of 213EIA
Electricity generated1 TWh2024166th of 193Ember
Low-carbon electricity97%202415th of 193Ember
Electricity from coal3.3%202463rd of 193Ember
Electricity from wind and solar4.9%2024108th of 193Ember
Wheat production0.0 Mt2024117th of 123FAOSTAT
Wheat imports0.1 Mt2024123rd of 180FAOSTAT
Maize production0.1 Mt2024106th of 169FAOSTAT
Maize imports0.2 Mt202475th of 196FAOSTAT
Rice production0.0 Mt2024108th of 135FAOSTAT
Rice imports0.0 Mt2024114th of 197FAOSTAT
Soybean imports0.0 Mt202483rd of 179FAOSTAT
Potash fertiliser use0.00 Mt2024114th of 199FAOSTAT
Phosphate fertiliser use0.00 Mt2024126th of 199FAOSTAT
CO2 emissions1 Mt2024166th of 214Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person0.8 t2024163rd of 213Global Carbon Budget
CO2 emitted since 175045 Mt2024164th of 214Global Carbon Budget
Water stress0.32023134th of 164WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
Water from abroad41%202346th of 193FAO AQUASTAT
Military spending, share of GDP1.6%202579th of 150World Bank
Military spending$93 m2025134th of 150World Bank
Deaths in organised violence1202558th of 61UCDP
People using the internet63%2024132nd of 182World Bank
ICT service exports$6 m2024143rd of 162World Bank
ICT service exports, share of service exports2.6%2024120th of 162World Bank

Sources for this page

  • World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Unemployment, Reserves, Trade, …
  • IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
  • UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
  • UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
  • U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
  • Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
  • FAOSTATWheat production, Wheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, …
  • Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750
  • WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
  • FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
  • UCDP Georeferenced Event DatasetConflict deaths
  • US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions
  • EU financial sanctions listSanctions
  • UK Sanctions ListSanctions
  • EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents

Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure

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