CountriesIndicatorsThis week
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026

Timor-Leste

Timor-Leste has 1.4 m people (World Bank, 2025) and an economy of $1.9 bn a year (World Bank, 2025). It imports 78% of the rice it uses (FAOSTAT, 2024) and 56% of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).

Written automatically from the figures on this page.

Population
1.4 m (2025)
Member of
ASEAN (as of 10 Nov 2026)

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.

1

Dependencies at a glance

Timor-Leste imports 78% of the rice it uses and 56% of the oil it uses.

Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
ResourceDependencePositionMain partners
OilImports mostImports 56% of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025No partner data from the source
Natural gasUses no gas, by this source PreliminaryEIA, 2024No partner data from the source
WheatNot reported by this source–
MaizeNot reported by this source–
RiceImports mostImports 78% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023India, China, Vietnam
SoybeansNot reported by this source–
PotashNot reported by this source–
PhosphateNot reported by this source–
ArmsSupplier concentration onlyNo major arms imports recorded, 2021–2025SIPRI, 2021–2025–
ChipsSupplier concentration onlyNot reported by this sourceUN Comtrade, 2025–

Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).

  • OilImports most

    Imports 56% of the oil it uses

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025

  • Natural gas

    Uses no gas, by this source Preliminary

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    EIA, 2024

  • Wheat

    Not reported by this source

  • Maize

    Not reported by this source

  • RiceImports most

    Imports 78% of the rice it uses

    Main partners: India, China, Vietnam

    FAOSTAT, use 2024 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023

  • Soybeans

    Not reported by this source

  • Potash

    Not reported by this source

  • Phosphate

    Not reported by this source

  • ArmsSupplier concentration only

    No major arms imports recorded, 2021–2025

    SIPRI, 2021–2025

  • ChipsSupplier concentration only

    Not reported by this source

    UN Comtrade, 2025

Source: EIA; FAOSTATyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026

Dependencies tool
2

Money and reserves

Timor-Leste’s economy produced $1.9 bn in 2025.

GDP, 2000–2025

$0$1.0 bn$2.0 bn$3.0 bn$4.0 bn200020052010201520202025

Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2025Updated 13 Nov 2026

Economic growth7.0%2025 · 18th of 186 · World Bank
Inflation0.4%2025 · 148th of 169 · World Bank
Unemployment1.6%2025 · 168th of 181 · World Bank
ReservesUS$779million2024 · 137th of 164 · World Bank
Trade95% of GDP2024 · 65th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$253million2025 · 139th of 200 · World Bank
3

People

Timor-Leste had 1.4 m people in 2025.

Population, 1950–2100

01.0 m2.0 m3.0 m195019701990200020102030205020702100Projection
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios

Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection

Timor-Leste’s population by age

1950200020502100
MenWomen01020304050607080901000m00m
Millions of people in each five-year age group, men left and women right. Years after 2023 are UN projections (medium variant).

Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection

Births per woman2.712023 · 71st of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age21.02023 · 186th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over5.2%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
4

Climate and hazards

Timor-Leste emitted 668,000 t of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.

Timor-Leste’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1994–2024

0 Mt0.20 Mt0.40 Mt0.60 Mt0.80 Mt1994199920042009201420192024

Source: Our World in Data CO21994–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026

CO2 emissions0.67Mt2024 · 176th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person0.5t2024 · 181st of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 175012Mt2024 · 185th of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress1.82023 · 80th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
5

More figures

Shown only where a source covers Timor-Leste.

Refugees

1,535from it, abroad, 2025

Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025

Sanctions

No entry on the US, EU or UK lists gives it as an address or nationality.

Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.

Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026

Chinese loans and grants

US$113millioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021

Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021

Cyber incidents

No publicly known incidents affecting Timor-Leste in EuRepoC’s dataset, 2000–2024.

Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted.

Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024

6

All figures

39 measures on this site have a recent figure for Timor-Leste.

GDP$1.9 bn2025169th of 186World Bank
GDP per person$1,3412025163rd of 186World Bank
Economic growth7.0%202518th of 186World Bank
Inflation0.4%2025148th of 169World Bank
Government debtEstimate2025180th of 191IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026
Government budget balanceEstimate2025195th of 195IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026
Current account balanceEstimate2025191st of 194IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026
Unemployment1.6%2025168th of 181World Bank
Reserves, including gold$779 m2024137th of 164World Bank
Trade95%202465th of 172World Bank
Foreign investment in$253 m2025139th of 200World Bank
Remittances received11.8%202421st of 162World Bank
Population1.4 m2025154th of 216World Bank
Population with UN projections1.4 m2023156th of 237UN WPP 2024
Births per woman2.71202371st of 237UN WPP 2024
Median age21.02023186th of 237UN WPP 2024
Life expectancy67.72023187th of 237UN WPP 2024
Refugees from the country1,5352025116th of 206UNHCR
Crude oil production2 kb/d202583rd of 214EIA
Oil consumption5 kb/d2024183rd of 212EIA
Natural gas productionPreliminary202497th of 213EIA
Natural gas consumption0.0 bcm2024126th of 213EIA
Wheat imports0.0 Mt2023181st of 187FAOSTAT
Maize production0.1 Mt2024108th of 169FAOSTAT
Maize imports0.0 Mt2024164th of 196FAOSTAT
Rice production0.0 Mt202481st of 135FAOSTAT
Rice imports0.1 Mt202474th of 197FAOSTAT
Soybean production0.0 Mt202487th of 108FAOSTAT
Soybean imports0.0 Mt202494th of 179FAOSTAT
CO2 emissions0.67 Mt2024176th of 214Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person0.5 t2024181st of 213Global Carbon Budget
CO2 emitted since 175012 Mt2024185th of 214Global Carbon Budget
Water stress1.8202380th of 164WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
Water from abroad0%2023125th of 193FAO AQUASTAT
Military spending, share of GDP2.3%202547th of 150World Bank
Military spending$48 m2025137th of 150World Bank
ICT service exports$2 m2024153rd of 162World Bank
ICT service exports, share of service exports2.4%2024121st of 162World Bank
Chinese loans and grants committed$3 m2021104th of 122AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0

Sources for this page

  • World Bank IndicatorsGDP, GDP per person, Economic growth, Inflation, Unemployment, Reserves, …
  • IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026Debt, Budget balance, Current account
  • UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
  • UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from
  • U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
  • FAOSTATWheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, Soybean production, …
  • Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750
  • WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
  • FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
  • AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
  • US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions
  • EU financial sanctions listSanctions
  • UK Sanctions ListSanctions
  • EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents

Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure

Share

Report a correction

Which figure, and what you think it should be. A link to the source helps.
Filled in from the page you were on.

Used only to reply to you. Reports are kept in the editor’s Telegram and deleted within 90 days.