CountriesIndicatorsThis week
Country page · Updated 13 Nov 2026

Cuba

Cuba has 11 m people (World Bank, 2025). It imports all of its potash supply (FAOSTAT, 2024, estimated) and 74% of the oil it uses (EIA, 2024).

Written automatically from the figures on this page.

Population
11 m (2025)

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m, which shows who controls an area in practice. Borders shown do not imply endorsement.

1

Dependencies at a glance

Cuba imports all of its potash supply and 74% of the oil it uses.

Imports mostImports someLow net tradeExporter
Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).
ResourceDependencePositionMain partners
OilImports mostImports 74% of the oil it usesEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025No partner data from the source
Natural gasLow net tradeImports 0% of the gas it uses PreliminaryEIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025No partner data from the source
WheatNot reported by this source–
MaizeNot reported by this source–
RiceImports mostImports 77% of the rice it usesFAOSTAT, use 2021 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023No partner data from the source
SoybeansNot reported by this source–
PotashImports mostImports all of its potash supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025No partner data from the source
PhosphateImports mostImports all of its phosphate supply EstimateFAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025No partner data from the source
ArmsSupplier concentration onlyNo major arms imports recorded, 2021–2025SIPRI, 2021–2025–
ChipsSupplier concentration onlyNot reported by this sourceUN Comtrade, 2025–

Dependence is net imports: imports minus exports, as a share of what the country uses; for potash and phosphate, of its supply (production plus net imports). Arms and chips show supplier concentration only: the main supplier’s share of imports (arms: five-year totals of deliveries in SIPRI’s trend-indicator value, SIPRI’s measure of military capability delivered, not price or number of weapons).

  • OilImports most

    Imports 74% of the oil it uses

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025

  • Natural gasLow net trade

    Imports 0% of the gas it uses Preliminary

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    EIA, use 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025

  • Wheat

    Not reported by this source

  • Maize

    Not reported by this source

  • RiceImports most

    Imports 77% of the rice it uses

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    FAOSTAT, use 2021 · FAOSTAT, imports 2023

  • Soybeans

    Not reported by this source

  • PotashImports most

    Imports all of its potash supply Estimate

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025

  • PhosphateImports most

    Imports all of its phosphate supply Estimate

    Main partners: No partner data from the source

    FAOSTAT, supply 2024 · UN Comtrade, imports 2025

  • ArmsSupplier concentration only

    No major arms imports recorded, 2021–2025

    SIPRI, 2021–2025

  • ChipsSupplier concentration only

    Not reported by this source

    UN Comtrade, 2025

Source: EIA; FAOSTATyear in each rowUpdated 13 Nov 2026

Dependencies tool
2

Money and reserves

GDP, 2000–2020

$0$25 bn$50 bn$75 bn$100 bn$125 bn20002005201020152020

Source: World Bank Indicators2000–2020Updated 13 Nov 2026

Economic growth−1.1%2024 · 187th of 200 · World Bank
Unemployment1.7%2025 · 167th of 181 · World Bank
Trade125% of GDP2024 · 39th of 172 · World Bank
Foreign investment inUS$79million2025 · 152nd of 200 · World Bank
3

People

Cuba had 11 m people in 2025.

Population, 1950–2100

02.5 m5.0 m7.5 m10 m13 m195019701990200020102030205020702100Projection
Projection: UN projection, medium variant, after 2023Range between the UN low- and high-fertility scenarios

Source: UN World Population ProspectsUpdated 13 Nov 2026Projection

Cuba’s population by age

1950200020502100
MenWomen01020304050607080901001m01m
Millions of people in each five-year age group, men left and women right. Years after 2023 are UN projections (medium variant).

Source: UN World Population Prospects1950–2100Updated 13 Nov 2026Projection

Births per woman1.442023 · 187th of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Median age41.72023 · 41st of 237 · UN WPP 2024
Aged 65 and over17%2025, Projection, medium variant · UN WPP 2024
4

Climate and hazards

Cuba emitted 24.4 Mt of CO2 from fossil fuels and cement in 2024.

Cuba’s CO2 emissions, million tonnes, 1990–2024

0 Mt10 Mt20 Mt30 Mt40 Mt1990199520002005201020152024

Source: Our World in Data CO21990–2024Updated 13 Nov 2026

CO2 emissions24Mt2024 · 81st of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person2.2t2024 · 127th of 213 · Global Carbon Budget
CO2 since 17501,814Mt2024 · 71st of 214 · Global Carbon Budget
Water stress1.72023 · 84th of 164 · WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
5

More figures

Shown only where a source covers Cuba.

Refugees

155refugees and others in need of protection hosted, 2025
317,445from it, abroad, 2025

Source: UNHCR Refugee Data Finder2025

Sanctions

123entries on the US, EU and UK lists give it as an address or nationality: US 123

Counts entries (people, companies, ships and aircraft), not how strict the measures are.

Source: US CSL; EU sanctions list; UK Sanctions ListUpdated 13 Nov 2026

Chinese loans and grants

US$7.78billioncommitted by Chinese state lenders, 2000–2021

Source: AidData Chinese development finance2000–2021

Cyber incidents

4publicly known incidents affecting Cuba, 2000–2024

Counts compare documented incidents, not how often a country is targeted. Who they were attributed to

Source: EuRepoC Global Dataset of Cyber Incidents 1.3.2 (4 Mar 2025), CC BY-NC 4.02000–2024

6

All figures

37 measures on this site have a recent figure for Cuba.

Economic growth−1.1%2024187th of 200World Bank
Unemployment1.7%2025167th of 181World Bank
Trade125%202439th of 172World Bank
Foreign investment in$79 m2025152nd of 200World Bank
Population11 m202587th of 216World Bank
Population with UN projections11 m202386th of 237UN WPP 2024
Births per woman1.442023187th of 237UN WPP 2024
Median age41.7202341st of 237UN WPP 2024
Life expectancy78.1202374th of 237UN WPP 2024
Refugees from the country317,445202519th of 206UNHCR
Refugees and others needing protection, by host1552025152nd of 176UNHCR
Refugees hosted per 1,000 people0.02025166th of 176UNHCR
Crude oil production25 kb/d202561st of 214EIA
Oil consumption117 kb/d202473rd of 212EIA
Natural gas productionPreliminary202467th of 213EIA
Natural gas consumption1.0 bcm202491st of 213EIA
Electricity generated19 TWh202486th of 193Ember
Low-carbon electricity4%2024169th of 193Ember
Electricity from coal0%202482nd of 193Ember
Electricity from wind and solar1.6%2024137th of 193Ember
Wheat imports0.2 Mt202488th of 180FAOSTAT
Maize production0.2 Mt202493rd of 169FAOSTAT
Maize imports0.0 Mt2024118th of 196FAOSTAT
Rice production0.1 Mt202477th of 135FAOSTAT
Rice imports0.1 Mt202475th of 197FAOSTAT
Soybean production0.0 Mt202485th of 108FAOSTAT
Soybean imports0.0 Mt202490th of 179FAOSTAT
Potash fertiliser use0.00 Mt2024126th of 199FAOSTAT
Phosphate fertiliser use0.00 Mt2024137th of 199FAOSTAT
CO2 emissions24 Mt202481st of 214Global Carbon Budget
CO2 per person2.2 t2024127th of 213Global Carbon Budget
CO2 emitted since 17501,814 Mt202471st of 214Global Carbon Budget
Water stress1.7202384th of 164WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)
Water from abroad0%2023125th of 193FAO AQUASTAT
People using the internet70%2024118th of 182World Bank
Sanctions list entries (US, EU, UK)123202628th of 181US CSL
Chinese loans and grants committed$3 m2021105th of 122AidData, Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset 3.0

Sources for this page

  • World Bank IndicatorsEconomic growth, Unemployment, Trade, Foreign investment in, Population, Internet users
  • UN World Population ProspectsPopulation (UN), Births per woman, Median age, Life expectancy
  • UNHCR Refugee Data FinderRefugees from, Refugees hosted, Refugees per 1,000
  • U.S. Energy Information AdministrationOil output, Oil use, Gas output, Gas use, Dependencies at a glance
  • Ember electricity dataElectricity, Low-carbon electricity, Electricity from coal, Electricity from wind and solar
  • FAOSTATWheat imports, Maize production, Maize imports, Rice production, Rice imports, Soybean production, …
  • Our World in Data CO2CO2 emissions, CO2 per person, CO2 since 1750
  • WRI Aqueduct, accessed on 25 Oct 2026, aqueduct.wri.org (CC BY 4.0)Water stress
  • FAO AQUASTATWater from abroad
  • US Consolidated Screening ListSanctions list entries, Sanctions
  • AidData Chinese development financeChinese loans and grants
  • EU financial sanctions listSanctions
  • UK Sanctions ListSanctions
  • EuRepoC cyber incidentsCyber incidents

Page last updated 13 Nov 2026How we measure

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